Competitive Education Essay

In my opinion, Education is a holistic process of learning and development in an individual’s lifetime. While competitiveness, is the result of the basic survival instinct already inherent in an individual, or for that matter all living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. For this reason, I believe education as a system shouldn’t undermine the importance of â€Å"competition† as a valuable tool employed to enhance the learning process, undermining which might consequently hinder the natural progress and development of a student. The need for a competitive education becomes all the more vital in preparing a student for the cut-throat competition that takes place in the real world, and in which â€Å"survival of the fittest† phenomenon applies in every aspect of an individual’s life. It starts early from sibling rivalry at home, to parents ensuring that the individual gets into the best school, again enrolling into the best college of choice, applying for scholarships, vying for the attention of the opposite sex, finding a suitable job, choosing the best prospective bride or groom, starting an enterprise and competing against other enterprises in the market etc. For better or for worse, â€Å"competition† is not limited to our personal lives but also thrives in our collective social, political, economic environment and not to forget in the field of sports. For instance, we all saw and openly displayed our enthusiasm and support for our department i. e. ITB during the cricket tournament and our players also felt motivated to outscore other Departments. Therefore, if competition is considered a positive and integral element in our progressive society, the question that arises is why should it be perceived as anything less or a threat in our education system? Competitive education system empowers a student to face challenges and not to shy away from them. It helps a student identify his/her strengths and weaknesses and further provides the necessary motivation to focus on the strengths and overcome the weaknesses. In academics a student will be able to assess what he/she has learnt so far in the class through oral and written examinations. In co-curricular activities, a student might be poor in sports but may be exceptional in painting. Through the means of competition, this student will be able to discover what he/she is good at and then focus on refining that particular skill, thereby a student will feel motivated to strive for excellence in the activity that brings out the best in him. Yes its true, in a competitive environment there is room for only one winner and for every winner to win the prize there must be a loser to take the fall, because failure is the much needed contrast to success and vice versa. Having said that, one can argue that â€Å"competition† is not about winning or losing but about giving our best. Salman Rushdie in his novel â€Å"midnight children† wrote: All games have morals; and the game of Snakes and Ladders captures, as no other activity can hope to do, the eternal truth that for every ladder you climb, a snake is waiting just around the corner; and for every snake, a ladder will compensate. † Therefore, a student in a competitive education system, in keeping with the spirit of competition can learn an important moral lesson of life: handling failures gracefully and perceiving it as a stepping stone to success. Ultimately, learning these crucial lessons from a competitive education system the easy way is better than learning from the unforgiving real world the hard way.

History and Origin of the Ancient Olympic Games Essay

The ancient Olympic games represent a part of Ancient Greek history that the world continues to celebrate today. Every four years world nations gather at a specific site to compete in the Olympic games. This coming together of world nations symbolizes a time of peace and unity among the world. With every victory came honor, glory and pride for the winning athlete and their country. The history and origin of the Olympic games includes religious celebrations, mythical stories as well all embracing Greece’s’ love and respect of pure athleticism. This paper will discuss the history and origin of the ancient Olympic games. It will elaborate upon the fact that the history and origin of the Olympic games include religious celebrations, mythical stories as well as embrace Greece’s love and respect of pure athleticism. Establishment of Games in Olympia The Olympic games pertain to a key event on the international level, which features winter, and summer sports and invites thousands of athletes for the purpose of participation in various competitions. The Olympic games are acknowledged as the leading competition of sports globally, in which there are over 200 nations as participants[1]. The Ancient Olympic games were established in Olympia in 776 BC, creating an institution that would continue throughout the world for thousands of years. Initially, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD, the ancient Olympic games got their origin in Olympia, Greece. Many studies give an account of the ancient Olympics, which, according to their observation, were held in Greece approximately 3,000 years back. Though they were very ancient in origin, they started being considered and called as â€Å"classical games† already by the end of the 6th century BC. By that time, there were three sporting festivals, which had gained remarkable significance as well as  popularity. They included: the Nemean Games at Nemea; the Pythian games, held at Delphi; and the Isthmian Games, which were held near Corinth. Later, there were various similar festivals, which took place in around 150 cities, including Odessus, Alexandria, Rome, Antioch, and Naples. There have been various legends and myths connected with the background and origin of the ancient Olympic games. They are a mirror image of the Greek civilization’s mythic-religious nature. For instance, in the ancient Greece, it was a tradition and religious binding that all the festivals and celebrations were to be performed in honor of a particular divinity. Thus, these Olympic games and related festivals were conducted under the patronage of the Greek leader of the pantheon of gods, Zeus. It is said that the Olympia was marked by Zeus as his revered zone through bolt of thunder, which he flung on Mount Olympus from his throne. It is said that to mark that divine spot, a stunning altar of Zeus was created at Olympia, which is situated in the North from his spectacular temple. Then, there is another very remarkable myth regarding the Olympics with reference to the Hercules, the greatest Greek hero. It is said that in order to get freedom from the slavery to King Eurystheos of Argos, the hero had to complete twelve labors. Once, the Hercules was done with it, he celebrated the success by making a clearing in the orchard, laying out the borders of the Altis, and establishing the Olympic games in honor of Zeus. He determined the distance for the race in a special way: for six hundred times, he placed one foot in front of the other[2]. Establishment of the Olympic Calendar The Greeks had a different calendar for holding the Olympic games. They observed that 99 lunar months made eight solar years. Therefore, they established a new calendar, which was known as the octaeteris and was around 99 lunar months. They arranged the calendar in such a way that there were eight years in which each of the five years contained twelve months and the rest three years comprised of 13 months. The extra three months were inserted in the 3rd, 5th, and 8th years. It was believed by the Greek historians that the Greeks kept the 8-year calendar when the Olympic games were invented in the 776 BC. Later, the two four-year periods were measured as the octaeteris: one of the 50 months and one of 49 months; and they made  these 4-year periods known as the â€Å"Olympiads†[3]. These four years’ periods exist today as well, and in the month of February, after every four years, a leap day is added up and the Olympics are conducted. Thus, the Olympic games are held according to the Olympic Calendar based on a four year Olympiad. Sacred Truce The truce carries the meaning â€Å"the break of hostilities† and â€Å"the holding of hands† in the Greek language. It had begun in the form of a month-long â€Å"Holy Treaty† between King Lykourgos of Sparta, King Iphitor of Elis, and King Kleosthenes of Pisa in 824 BC. A bronze discus had the terms of this truce carved upon it, and it was kept in Altis, in the Temple of Hera at Olympia. The Truce was mainly meant to deliver peace and harmony all across Greece. It covered the following clauses: âž ¢ Armies and weapons were not permitted to enter Elis; âž ¢ The hostile areas were safe for travelling of the attendees whose city-state was at war; âž ¢ There was no permission for the death penalties. Before the beginning of the Olympic festivals, the news of the truce was spread through the three news bearers, decorated with garland of olive, and staff carriers, who went to every city of Greece. It was the duty of the herald to confirm the festival’s date in order to invite the residents to participate and attend as well as to proclaim the truce of Olympic. Thus, they were known as the â€Å"truce-bearers† (spondophoroi) and the permanent legal advisors to the Eleans and official warrantors of the truce. The sacred truce played an important role in the Olympics. Before the truce, the mainland Greece region was disturbed by the unrest and civil wars. However, after the safety was guaranteed to the people by â€Å"sacred truce,† the ancient Olympic games got popularity and became a source of unity and peace amongst the people of Greece. Athletes in the Olympic games Until the 1970s, the Olympic athletes were not permitted to accept any sort of prizes or endorsements, and no professionals were permitted to enter into the competition of Olympic games. The professional athletes were thought to have undue gain over the participants who played the games as their hobby. The victor in the ancient Olympic was given first prize when the competition  ended. The herald announced the name of the winner, and, a Greek Judge, Hellanodikis, would put a palm branch in his hands, and the audience threw flowers at him and cheered him. In order to symbolize victory, red ribbons were tied on his hands and head.4 On the last day when the games completed, an official award ceremony would be conducted, at the prominent foyer at Zeus’ temple. The Olympic winner’s name, with his father and homeland’s name would be announced loudly. The Hellanodikis would then, place the holy wreaths of olive tree, or kotinos, on the head of the winner5. In the ancient Olympic games, the participants were all the free male citizens of Greece, irrespective of their social status. Diagoras, a member of a royal family from Rhodes; Polymnistor, a shepherd; Orsippos, Alexander I, son of Amyndas and King of Macedonia; a general from Megara; and Democritus, a philosopher, all participated in the Olympics. The only people not allowed to participate in the ancient Olympics were the married women. 4 †Ancient Olympic Games†, Olympic.org. 2012, 5 †Ancient Olympic Games†, Olympic.org. 2012 However, those women who were single were permitted to attend and watch the competition. The goddess of fertility, priestess of Demeter, was permitted an honored place next to the altar of Stadium. Athletic Events Divisions divided between men and boys would divide athletic events. According to the writings of Pausanias, the first Olympic event was the foot race. The victor was Coroebus.6 This initial foot race was known as the stadion. The athletes would sprint for one stade or the length of the stadium. 7 Fourteen festivals later the double foot race was added. This race was known as a two-stade race or two lengths of the stadium. Long distance races were added ranging from seven to twenty-four stades. 8 Another stade event involved athletes running between two and four stades wearing full military armor. This armor weighed about fifty – sixty pounds. The Pentathlon would be added as well. The Pentathlon included five different events. The events included discus, javelin, jumping, running and wrestling. This event is still included in todays Olympic games. Chariot racing would be one of the equestrian events the ancient Greeks included in the games. There were two and four horse chariot races. According to Plato, the â€Å"folk with the battered ears† (Plato) described the athletes who participated in the sport of boxing. 9 6. Pausanias, 5.1-15 7. perseus.tufts.edu/edu 8.Pausanias, 5.1-15 9. perseus.tufts.edu/edu Rome and the Eventual End of the Olympic games The family memorial monument of the Philip II of Macedonia was being constructed at Olympia, and his son, Alexander the Great, witnessed the completion. Philip II and his offspring attributed a huge importance to Olympia. They offered financial help and gifts to the Olympia and were a source of inspiration for the other rich donors, who started doing the same. When the Classical period was near its end, the attitude towards the Games started to diminish, which also reflected the eventual downfall in ancient Greece’s history.10 Where once Zeus was worshipped, winners now placed their coronets at the foot of their benefactor god; and where once all the triumph and success was credited to the help of the deities, now it was ruled and commanded by the athletes in the glory of their personal achievements and successes. The religious importance of the Olympic games begun to decline, and it became more of a world-premiere athletic contest than a religious festival. This era focused mainly on athletes instead of the divine spirits, and it was clear in the construction of facilities at Olympia. It was between the 1st and 3rd centuries that more facilities to assist the athletes were built, which included the development to the athletes’ baths, a â€Å"palaistra,† a big practice gym for the track competitors, and a stadium sort of place to help the athletes train and practice for the jumping and combat events. In the earlier years of the 2nd century BC, there begun the Roman intervention in Hellenic affairs, and they end up directly imposing rules on Macedonia and Greece and ending the independence of Greece in 146 BC. Thus, it was the end of the religious Olympics and the fall of Greece.It was the end of Greece, the beginning of the Roman period, and the beginning of the end of the Olympic games. 10. http://www.richeast.org/htwm/Olympics/olympics.html Reinstatement of the Olympic games The short renaissance of the ancient Olympic games was marked by the  political stability and economic and cultural revival of the Roman occupation. However, the games were no longer holy festivals; they turned into gladiator contests, which were extremely bloody and violent. Later, these games were also acknowledged as â€Å"international† under the wide-ranging coverage of the Roman citizenship and were then appreciated and enjoyed by many regions including Egypt. Royal benefaction contributed to the improvement in the location of Olympia, and it befitted that of a Roman showpiece. Comprehensive repairs and modifications were made to the temple of Zeus; many other buildings were also modified according to the new construction trends. Moreover, athletic facilities and new monuments were also dedicated for the holding of Olympic games. Conclusion The ancient Olympic games were rich in culture and traditions. The origin of the Olympic games has enthralled and fascinated many students, historians, and archeologists in their quest to uncover the mysteries behind them. Throughout time, the ancient Olympic games have survived wars and natural disasters, they were briefly abolished but brought back to life, and now it is a worldwide-celebrated tradition. Bibliography 1. †Ancient Olympic Games†, Olympic.org. 2012. http://www.olympic.org/ancient-olympic-games 2. Olympic-Legacy. Myths &Legends:http://www.pe04.com/olympic/olympia/legends_o.php 3. Pausanias, http://www.theoi.com/Text/Pausanias5A.html#7 4. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/index.html 5. http://www.richeast.org/htwm/Olympics/olympics.html 6. Vaughan, Valerie. The Origin of the Olympics: Ancient Calendars and the Race Against

Population control in China

In 1950's China, under the government weakened by its countries opium dependence to westerners, the idea still existed that, â€Å"A large population gives a strong nation† This lead to China's population growing very rapidly, so rapidly in fact that this phrase was beginning to prove in correct. As china's population struggled to feed it's self, as well as extreme overcrowding especially in its cities. The death rate in china dropped (except for a blip in the natural decrease caused by a minor famine in the 1960's) and its birth rate continued to grow rapidly. Even after the government implemented tolerant population control policies, for example the â€Å"later longer fewer policy†. The hope was that if people were encouraged to wait longer before marrying, they would have children later in life and therefore is much more likely to have fewer children. However this did not produce dramatic enough results to help slow China's rapidly growing population and end its pending famine crisis. This is probably due to: a) People were still living in a very traditional way. This meant that people, especially those living in rural areas, they had big families. To make up for what was ah high infant mortality rate, during famine years. b) Women were not educated, and were considered the inferior sex whose job was in the home. They had no career so their only job was in the home. c) Being a developing country, and at that time very anti- western ideas, and almost fearful of the western world, Chinese people had little or no access to contraception, and even less education on birth control and family planning. d) No state pension meant that elderly people had to rely on their children to provide for them in their old age. So to be insured of safe elderly years they had to have at least one child who survived childhood and grew up to make an income. In this case boys were preferred, as they could have a paid job, not one in the home. e) A Cultural Revolution made the population increase by 55million every three years; this is nearly the same as the entire population of the UK. In the 1959 to 1961, a famine caused but an Industrial Revolution triggered the government to launch its first population control policies. People moved away from rural areas and their traditional work as farmers to towns and cities, to work in factories, often owned by western countries brought to china by cheap labour costs compared to the western world. This influx of western ideas thwarted the government's campaign, as the later longer fewer Policy was not considered attractive by the Chinese population who moved towards a western ideal. But the government continued and by 1970, State Family Programmes had been introduced. This lowered the population growth rate. In 1978 3 children per family was average but the government persisted, as this was still too many. This was in the form of various advertising campaigns, however their effect was not dramatic enough, and in 1979, the government wished to stamp out population growth completely. So they introduced a strict population policy. The policy used a â€Å"carrot and stick† method to encourage families who participated, and punish those who did not. Encouragement was in the form of great incentives from the government. These included free education for the child, priority housing, family benefit and a state pension for the family. There were also high penalties for having a second child. Including loss of all incentives, and benefits and fines of up to 15% of the family's annual income. This more than halved the birth rate per thousand from 40 per thousand to 17 per thousand. But the government continued further, the legal age for marriage was raised to 22 for men and 20 for women, to marry couples also had to apply to the state for permission. State permission was also required to have a child. Abortions became compulsory for the second pregnancy. Chinas population policy had been very successful at reducing population growth, it met targets set for 2000 in 1994. However the population policy had serious implications for the natural balance of population. The Chinese population has an entire generation of â€Å"little emperors† the title given to the supposedly spoiled, greedy, bad-tempered, lazy children of male only children. More seriously as young men this generation has difficulty finding a wife. This is a result of Chinese ideal of male supremacy. Families would try and find out the gender of the child before it was born, with the option to terminate if it was a girl. If a families first born child was female, it was at times abandoned so that the couple could try again for a boy. The Chinese government also commissioned teams to go from village to village providing a sterilisation service. This at times was a very unfair method and often breached human rights. As the teams were paid by the number of operations they carried out. So often women were sterilised against their will. In Chinas anti-feminist society it was almost always that women were sterilised instead of men. The government would defend their actions saying that there was a serious need for rapid population control or there would have been further suffering to the people. Credit can be given that the scheme worked and met target before time. Today regulations on population control have been relaxed mainly due to the fact that all targets have been met. But also because of pressure from the west. This is mainly in rural areas of china where children are still a useful form of labour on farms, so two children is permitted. But in industrial regions one child is still most likely. Sterilisation is now provided in a manner that is less likely to be damaging and in breach of human rights.

Civilization and Its Discontents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civilization and Its Discontents - Essay Example The essay "Civilization and Its Discontents" talks about the central thesis of Sigmund Freud’s "Civilization and its Discontents" which is the assertion that the conflict between sexual needs and the societies restrictions is a big factor to human â€Å"dissatisfaction, aggression, hostility and ultimately, violence†. Given that the book was published in 1930, people’s mindsets were largely conservative, which led to protests and outcry against the book. But putting it in a purely scientific context, there is much truth in this thesis. Freud’s introduction to his book begins with the following lines: â€Å"Psycho-Analytic work has shown that these frustrations in respect of sexual life are especially unendurable to the so-called neurotics among us. These persons manufacture substitute-gratifications for themselves in their symptoms, which, however, are either painful in themselves or become the cause of suffering owing to the difficulties they create for the person's environment and society at large†¦ but culture demands other sacrifices besides that of sexual gratifications.† Further support for the Freudian view of human discontent could be found in Isabel Fonseca’s seminal work on the Gypsy tribes – Bury Me Standing. Fonseca attempts to decipher several aspects of the Gypsy way of life. The author shows that by virtue of remaining in their native geographies and not letting go of their primitive lifestyles, the Gypsies don’t live unfulfilled lives.

You can create this Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You can create this - Research Proposal Example Welcoming international trade, the country is expanding its business relations with Spain (its closest neighbor), the US, and African countries. In many cases goods shipped to Portugal do not arrive there directly, but come to some other country of the EU, and only then travel to Portugal – in order to use the advantage of lower value added tax rates of the other country. Companies entering the Portuguese market are welcome to contact the closest US Export Assistance Center which supports exporters. U.S. & Foreign Commercial Service (100) recommends entering the market with an assistance of a local partner. Besides, finding a group or a right person to obtain useful advice and contacts is considered to be very beneficial because personal contacts are important for conducting a successful business in the country. In order to establish an office in Portugal, one should create a Portuguese company according to the country’s law. For most tenders and goods price is more important than quality. So, in order for a product to be competitive, the price must not be higher than that of the rivals. Portuguese importers now prefer to receive C.I.F. or F.O.B. quotations that include a product description, shipping weight, volume and time of shipment and delivery. Though such invoices (with all the mentioned above information) are not mandatory, they are very desirable. The largest part of the businesses of the country is concentrated in Lisbon, a capital of Portugal. Modern techniques of conducting business are widely spread in the country. However, traditional values are still in a great respect: personal contact and a handshake are still considered by many Portuguese businessmen to be more valuable than a signed contract. At the same time, a request for a formal contract will not offend them. At the same time, personal relations are valued and respected more than any legal

Legal Aspects Of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Aspects Of Nursing - Essay Example The bed restraints were meant for not only securing the patient from much movement but also for ensuring his safety against falling from the height of the bed, which would be fatal. In this regard therefore, the nurses would be said to have responded appropriately to ensure the safety of the patient through the application of the principles. However, as the excerpt reveals, despite the great effort taken by the nurses to ensure the safety of Mr. Abraham, he eventually manages to untie himself from the restraints and in efforts to climb down the bed, he falls and sustains serious head injuries from which he later succumbs. From a legal point of view, the nurses would have applied other principles to ensure more safety to the patient besides what had been done. For instance, when they noted the patient’s unrest, they would have probably administered sleep-inducing medicine to the patient in order to have him asleep as they carried out their tests. Besides, one-hour intervals of monitoring such a patient who showed higher chances of untying himself was long durations and the nurses ought to have adopted lesser periods in order to be effective. Through the relatively shorter periods, the nurses would have probably chanced on the patient before the fall. Moreover, we would reason that the nurses failed to prioritize on the patient as is seen from the statement that they visited him on hourly intervals from the room he was restrained from as he awaited tests and treatment. From a legal point, this would be interpreted as negligence on the part of nurses because they would have prioritized on attending to the patient as a safety measure. Failure to have employed these measures by nurses in effect is blamed to have resulted to the injury, which... There is no greater ethical duty to such a patient than as accorded in the case scenario. Ethics explain an acceptable code of conduct by individuals within a given context. In this case, therefore, the patient portrayed no ethical behavior as described by his intention to leave the hospital and go for revenge in the bar besides being assisted by the nurses and the fire rescue to safety. It would be interpreted morally wrong and ethically accepted behavior where the patient shows no sense of cooperation when being assisted by the nurses. In fact, it is more wrong to have the patient struggle to untie the wrist and chest restraints as applied by the medical staff for having him cooperate as tests and treatment were done on him. Such efforts by the practicing nurses and the fire rescue indicate very high ethical concerns towards the patient and under such, no higher duty would be accorded to him than this. Life is interpreted to be very precious and as such, despite his condition of being drunk and unruly, the nurses and other persons in contact with such a patient has the ethical responsibility of saving his life. It is also ethical to handle the patient with care as the family members would reiterate and accord him the respect due to human beings. Finally, it would be ethical to have such a patient attended to quickly, which would reduce the level of suffering that the patient would be undergoing from the injuries sustained before. It is ethically correct for the nurses to minimize the level of pain suffered by a patient.

Country project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Country project - Term Paper Example Further, its poor political dynasty with dominant interest groups and shifting policies to cater for the politically dominant interest groups is reflected on investor’s behavior. At microeconomic level, investors portray a pervasive conduct on both exogenous and policy generated economic risks in relation to income and property. The political-economic has multiple structural vulnerabilities and weakness in their governance (Praeg 86). From time immemorial, Ethiopian economy is controlled by elite kings, usually described as slavery in modern world (Clarke 97-101). Private ownership of lands had never been heard of until 1970’s, with inequitable land holdings of the country under the slogan, ‘Land to The Tiller† where the state ended up owning lands itself instead of giving it to the people. Though the state controls land ownership, rural peasants and pastoralists are guaranteed a lifetime of â€Å"holding right†, while urban residents are guaranteed the right to get land for residence for 99 years lease based; these rights gives all rights to the people of Ethiopia except sale and mortgage right. However, from 1974 during the fall of emperor Hailesilassie, land remained public property despite earlier socialist oriented military government to make land property of the people and not the state. At the moment, Ethiopian economic growth is estimated to remain strong in year 2015 under the Growth and Transformation Plan. This plan aims at boosting agriculture as the heart of the country economic growth, promoting industrial development and aiding development of quality infrastructure. However, corruption is a key issue in Ethiopia. Historical background of economic policies reflects centuries of internal conflicts and external threats. Internally, varying customs, religions, and ethnicity served as focal points in the contest for power and control of economic resources (Adejumobi 187). Externally, regardless the fact that the country has

Fog of war Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fog of war - Movie Review Example With the above in mind, the films goes on to provide lessons, as portrayed in the title, eleven lessons that can be learnt from his role as secretary of defense and as an advisor. In relation to the above, the film delves and dwells on the issues that McNamara has had to live with since his years in the government. This is concerning the consequences of his counsel to the government, which led to numerous losses in the United States and the world at large. This is as displayed by his role, in which he advised the government to participate in wars that led to enormous loss of human life and destruction of property across the globe. One such event, that he confesses to, is the Vietnam war in which numerous civilians were wiped out to the tune of over 3.4 million Vietnamese lives lost. The film also allows McNamara to confess to his erroneous judgment in waging and strategizing for war. However, the film fails to capture his admission to moral failures on his side, for which he should take responsibility. As a result, the film fails to capture the details of the embarrassing truth on his role and personal responsibility towards the two wars in which he was involved. This shows a weakness in the methods of interviewing used as McNamara appears prepared to avoid any issues likely to raise controversy on his part (Holden). In addition, the film/ documentary seem to provide a moral twist to the entire storyline by bringing out his role in the Second World War. This is done by the part where he was a strategist for world war two and was part of a team that recommended the burning of Japanese cities. In this case over two million Japanese civilians were killed, which incriminates McNamara as having participated in war crimes. His moral sentimentality towards the issue is portrayed by the comments he makes on the likelihood of his prosecutions had the Japanese or Vietname se won the wars. In addition to morality, one of

Assessing the marketplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assessing the marketplace - Essay Example Apple Company has an exceptional operational excellence system. The organization develop mechanism that ensure its products are created in consideration of the needs of the client as well as improve the manufacturing effectiveness of the company (Satariano & Burrows, 2014). Apart from production, the organization allows for follow ups on products sold. For instance, consumer are provided with recycling services for already used devise. For this reason, the production process of Apple rhymes with the demands of the consumer, addresses the manufacturing objectives of the organization thus excellence in its operations (Satariano & Burrows, 2014). In regards to value excellence, McDonalds have ensured the organization retrain its customers. In the organization, value excellence is measured by the extent at which the organization measures the requirements of both the customer and other stakeholders (Mackenzie, 2013). The needs of the clients are retained and stakeholder objectives are attained. This success in value excellence has increased the consumer perception towards the company. In addition, internal values are those of the stakeholders have been retained to ensure the general excellence of the

Film and Video Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film and Video - Assignment Example Other developments such as women’s suffrage then the financial boom which ended in a market crash in 1929 leading to the Great Depression made the generation traumatic. Traumatized by the war (with some becoming suicidal due to PSTD), working in odd jobs such as sweatshops and selling newspapers and without diversion due to the Prohibition movement (prohibition of alcohol) made this generation traumatic and perhaps this explains why this generation was called as the Lost Generation. Thus this generation looked for outlet for what they lacked. In economic opportunity due to the sweatshops they are accustomed to, entrepreneurs were born and so was the rise of individualism and spirt of entrepreneurship. Immigrants flocked into the United States to try their luck with the American Dream. So the Lost Generation looked for outlet in their entertainment. Thus their entertainment was described as pure escapism which reflected the generation’s feeling of instability and displacement during their time. Traumatized with war, overworked in factories, stressed and poor, people then looked for escape from their hard life and ugly reality. This explains why John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath were adopted in the big screen as it talked about a family’s â€Å"migration of the Dust Bowl of Oklahoma to the agricultural fields of California†. People were able to relate to this poignant screen as most people shared that kind of life at some point or another. Then Scarlett O’Hara’s Gone With the Wind became popular as it encapsulated the Depression of the Lost Generation. It talked about the girl who endured poverty but still had the courage to say that â€Å"tomorrow is another day†. But what really caught the spirt of the time was the movie The Wizard of Oz. This movie may be a fantasy movie where the main character of Dorothy’s migrated from reality to fantasy, â€Å"as objects signifying permanence (picket fences, cows, and

The Delicate Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Delicate Relationship - Essay Example The country would benefit from the employment opportunities within their companies while the company would benefit from the European market.   The firms and the government could, therefore, agree based on the clear motives. Intentions of both parties. From time to time, the diplomatic ties are not sufficient to keep companies operating in the same country. The risk of companies exiting the country in which they work is very high. Diplomatic measures only work when the collateral damage to be caused too much to handle (Pigman, 77). The relationship between a firm and its parent country’s Government is slightly different. It is important to note that for the government, the firms offer an invaluable addition to the physical or cyber critical infrastructure. Google Inc., for example, is one of the most powerful companies in the world. The advancements that the company has made advancements in information technology. The US government, therefore, considers the company an asset a s opposed to a liability (The Monitor 1). There have been reports that indicate, the government, has been making requests for personal information from Google. The purpose of these inquiries is unknown. Diplomacy is not a common practice between the government and the firms that are in the parent country. The need for constant communication between the firm and the country is very important as it ensures their agreement remains safe. In the event a firm and the government of a host country have similar interests, they are able to come to an agreement.

Welcome Address Essay Example for Free

Welcome Address Essay A warm and pleasant evening to all those who are present here. If there are no stars,there won’t be any beauty in the sky. If there is no difference of opinions there won’t be any creative and innovative ideas. Similarly if there is no Annual Function in our school, there won’t be any chance for our young and dynamic children to uphold the pride of the institute, to catalogue the challenges we face, the endeavors we made andthe success we achieved and to show what we were, what we are and what we will be. Here am I hence, much privileged to stand before you, to extend profound wishes andgreetings from the bottom of my heart, to bring the warmth of our affection, throughthe stream of love, to welcome each and every one of you.It is time for yet another day of the year to exhibit the talents of all our children, to bring to your kind notice their academic excellence, and the medals they bagged intheir outstanding performance in spots, and the grades they achieved in extracurricular activities, and in everything they speak and perform today as the cultural feastunfolds.We are extremely happy to have you with us today, to share in our joy and delightfulmoments of the day, and to be part of what we are. Wishing you all once again ahappy and memorable stay, I remain.Thank you. INTRODUCING THE CHIEF GUEST I am profuse elated to take an opportunity to introduce our chief guest of the day Rev.Dr. N. Ravichandran, the director of the IIM Indore. He is graduated from IIMMadras in 1980 with specialization in Applied Probability. He joined IIM Ahemdabadas faculty in Production and Quantitative Method Area in 1980.His teaching and research interest include Applied Probability, Business ProcessReengineering, Competitive Strategy, IT for Competitive Advantage, Logistics andSupply Chain Management, Operation Strategy, Quantitative Methods inManagement, Simulation and Stochastic Modeling.He had held several short term visiting positions in many European Universities. Hehas edited and co-authored 6 books, presented 80 research papers in national andinternational conference, 70 research publications in peer reviewed journals andauthored 40 management cases. He has designed 8 new  executive courses at IIMAhemdabad and introduced 7 electives in the PGA program of IIM Ahemdabad.Several companies in India and in abroad as well have sought his expertise, to evolve,tailor made executive programme, in the areas of general management, business process reengineering, information technology as a source of advantage, competitivestrategy, supply chain management, logistics, operation management and strategicsourcing.Since Nov. 2008, he is the director of the IIM Indore

Causes and Effects of Heart Failure

Causes and Effects of Heart Failure Elizabeth Makouta K. Assessment 2 Definition of Heart Failure: This is usually a progressive condition that reflects weakening of the heart by coronary atherosclerosis meaning the coronary vessels is build up with fatty clogging (Marieb 2012 p369) The body systems affected are: Kidney, Heart, Lungs, and Digestive System. Kidney’s function: is to eliminate nitrogen –containing e wastes, toxins, and drug from the body. Kidney also produce an enzyme ‘’renin’’ which help regulate blood pressure, and their hormone erythropoietin which stimulate red blood cell production in bone marrow (Marieb 2012 p. 512) Heart’s function: Is a muscular organ that pumps blood to all the tissues in the body through blood vessels, ‘weight less than a pound with the size of a person’s fist and a shape like cone-shaped’ (p 357).’’The right side pumps blood through the lungs where oxygen is picks up and carbon dioxide is unloaded. The left side of the heart receives blood containing oxygen and pump it to the rest of the body’’ (Marieb 2012 p 360). Lungs Function: Human body contain two lungs. ‘Lungs are large organs that occupy thoracic cavity except the heart in the central area. The left lung has two robes and the right lung has three robes’ (Marieb 2012 p.441). The lungs bring in oxygen to the body which is the air that we breathed for energy and remove carbon dioxide from the body which is the gas that comes out as waste products (American Thoracic Society 2014). . Digestive System: Digestive system starts from the mouth and ends up in the anus. The function of digestive system is to break down foods in to a simplest form for the absorption of the body as nourishment for cells and energy for the body usage (Marieb 2012 p.464). Signs and Symptoms Shortness of breath (dyspnoea) Fatigue and weakness Swelling (oedema) in your legs, ankles and feet Rapid or irregular heartbeat Reduced ability to exercise Persistent cough or wheezing (Nocturia) increased need to urinate at night Heart Pumps Faster Swelling of your abdomen (ascites) Sudden weight gain Lack of appetite and nausea Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness Heart Grows Larger Elevated blood pressure Chest pain, if your heart failure is caused by a heart attack (Mayo Clinic 2014) Shortness of Breath: meaning there is not enough air getting into the body system why because of lack of oxygen as the heart is not able to pump enough blood (Mayo Clinic 2014 Fatigue and weakness: As the heart failed or become weak other parts of the body are affected including legs and arms making difficult do walk or climb the stairs because there is not sufficient blood getting to the legs and arms (University of California San Francisco 2014) Swelling: For kidney to function very well it needs its normal blood supply. Renin restores normal blood pressure and increase filtration of water and salt for filtration process to be normal (Marieb 2012 p. 512). But when blood flow to the kidney is limited then renin will also retain salt and water which will leads to fluid build-up in the body (feet, ankles and legs), (University of California San Francisco 2014) Rapid or irregular heartbeat: meaning fast or abnormal heartbeat. This happen because blood supply is insufficient, therefore, the heart will work harder to meet the body requirement (University of California San Francisco 2014) Reduced ability to exercise: Because the body feels tired especially the legs and arms as a result of less blood supply to these areas which mean oxygen level in the body is low, you will be less likely to complete the daily activates normally (University of California San Francisco 2014) Persistent cough or wheezing: Is a noisy sound particularly when you breathe in air and out of the lungs (inhalation and exhalation) as a result of fluid build-up in the lugs (Dr. James Krider 2005). Nocturia: Is increased need to urinate at night, as a result of infection of the bladder, kidney or diabetes. In the case of Mr Alby Wright, he is type two diabetes meaning bladder’s ability to hold urine has decrease which leads to more urination at night (Better Medicine 20140) Heart Pumps Faster: Our body needs blood to function very. Due to this, the heart will work harder than normal to circulate blood throughout the body in other to meet the body requirement (University of California San Francisco 2014) Swelling of your abdomen: Swelling of the abdomen occurs as a result of the fluid build-up in the lungs and organs. Due to the weakness of the heart which means the heart is unable to pump blood very well (Sterns 20140). Sudden weight gain: Swelling or puffiness of the skin will make it look stretched and shiny as a result of unwanted fluid in the tissues and organs (Sterns 20140). Lack of appetite and nausea: When you don’t have the desire to eat food as a result of the liver and digestive system become blocked because there is less blood supply to these organs you will full (University of California San Francisco 2014) Difficulty concentrating or decreased alertness: meaning you may start to forget things or confuse because of less circulation to the brain. Without enough blood, the brain cannot function well (British Columbia 2012) Heart Grows Larger: The muscles of the heart become more and more lager due to the force in order to pump blood. The four chambers of the heart also enlarge to be able to hold large volume of blood (University of California San Francisco 2014). Elevated blood pressure: Is the meaning or word use to describe hypertension: thus the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body. This happened as the result of cardiac enlargement or heart failure (Tabbner’s 5e p 273) Chest Pain: Meaning the heart is deprives from getting enough blood. This occurs due to â€Å"blockage or constricted coronary blood vessel† (Tabbner’s 5e p 669) Information taking on his admission: Pulse 124 SaO2: 87% on room air Respiration 32 Blood Pressure 90/40 (Q5) Yes: There is too much glucose (sugar) in his blood which is not getting into the cells of the body. Diabetes lead to nerve damage and poor circulation, looking at his admission form his blood pressure is low, oxygen saturation is also low as a result of asthma and hypotensive and congestive cardiac failure which means blood is not circulating well through the body system. This indication of slow wound healing to extend where his toe was amputated. (Q6): What is the action of laxis: This drug is (Diuretic) use to treat acute pulmonary oedema (Kluwer, Williams Wilkins 2008, p. 647) Which body system is affected? Kidney: because the medicine draws water from the blood as urine. Also affect the heart as the fluid is draw out of the blood the pressure also decreases (Netdoctor 2013) Why he is taking this medication: To clear excessive accumulation of fluid in his body and help he urinates. Three conditions: Glaucoma Arthritis Type 2 Diabetes Question 8: Factors that will impact on Mr Wright’s safety: Hospital: allergy, glaucoma risk for fall, leg ulcer for risk infection, Home: Diabetes careful for blood glucose level, low blood pressure, Leg ulcer risk for infection, confusion forget to take his medication, frail skin easy to get skin tear and mobility is not good because he is walking with stick, mental stage he could wounder around and forget where he is. Question 9: Other health professional: Podiatrist will be able to look at his amputated toes to provide him with best treatment including his arthritis. Dieticians: will provide information to Mr Wright’s regarding nutrition on what is good and what is bad for his health. Mental health professional: will help provide support for Mr Wright to reduce his level of anxiety. Diabetes Educator: To educate him on diabetes and how well he should eat. Physiologist: Will help him with exercise program to treat any pain that he might have including arthritis, and difficulty walking (Better Health Channel 2014) Question 10: Neurovascular Assessment Medication Chart Diabetes Assessment Fluid Balance Chart Bowel Chart Care Plan Skin Assessment Wound Care Plane Patient Positioning Chart Dressing Regime (Wound) (TAFE SA Flow Charts Book) References: Funnel, Koutoukidis and Lawrence, Tabbner Nursing care 5th edn, Function of the Kidney, Melbourne Funnel, Koutoukidis and Lawrence, Tabbner Nursing care 5th edn, Definition of Heart Failure, Melbourne American Thoracic Society 2014, Anatomy and Function of the Normal Lungs, viewed 15 March 2014 http://www.thoracic.org/clinical/copd-guidelines/for-patients/anatomy-and-function-of-the-normal-lung.php Mayo Clinic 2014, Diseases and Condition of Heart Failure, viewed 15 March 2014, http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-failure/basics/definition/con-20029801 Mayo clinic 2014, Shortness of Breath, viewed 16 March 2014, http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/shortness-of-breath/basics/definition/SYM-20050890 UCSF Medical Centre 2014, Heart Failure Signs and Symptoms, viewed 16 March 2024, http://www.ucsfhealth.org/conditions/heart_failure/signs_and_symptoms.html Dr. James Krider, Wheezing, viewed 16 Mach 2014, http://www.formulamedical.com/Topics/Symptoms/Wheezing.htm Health Grades 2014, Nocturia Causes, viewed 16 March 2014, http://www.localhealth.com/article/nocturia/causes Richard H Sterns 2014, Patient information: Edema (swelling) beyond the basics, viewed 16 March 2014, http://www.uptodate.com/contents/edema-swelling-beyond-the-basics British Columbia 2012, Heart Failure: Less Common Symptoms, viewed 17 March 2014, http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/kb/content/special/tx4083abc.html Funnel, Koutoukidis and Lawrence, Tabbner Nursing care 5th edn, Chest pain, Melbourne Kluwer, LW Wilkins 2008, Nursing and Midwifery Drug handbook, Diuretic 4th edn Netdoctor 2013, Laxis, viewed 17 March 2014, http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/heart-and-blood/medicines/lasix.html Better Health Channel 2014, Physiotherapist, viewed 17 March 2014, http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/pages/Physiotherapy

The Great Eastern Life Assurance Company Limited

The Great Eastern Life Assurance Company Limited Great Eastern started to operate in 26 August 1908 as a branch office of The Great Eastern Life Assurance Company Limited. It has the distinction of being the oldest life insurance company in Malaysia and Singapore and it is owned subsidiary of Great Eastern Holdings Limited (GEH) and its parent company is Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation Limited (OCBC). It was transferred to a locally incorporated public company, Great Eastern Life Assurance (Malaysia) Berhad. The Chief Executive Officer, CEO of Great Eastern is Mr. Koh Yaw Hui. Great Eastern was certified as the â€Å"Oldest and Largest Life Insurer† in Malaysia by the Malaysia Book of Records in 1998. It is the largest and most established insurance company in the country with 24 branch offices nationwide and a strong service network of more than 17,000 agents. These locations include Alor Setar, Batu Pahat, Bintulu, Ipoh, Klang, Melaka, Penang and so on. The main office located at Jalan Ampang, Kuala Lumpur. Besides that they also expand their business to China, Indonesia and Brunei. According to statistic, Great Eastern is the largest group and market leader in Malaysia and Singapore with the total assets of $45 billion and 3million policyholder. Among the 16 insurance companies in Malaysia, Great Eastern is the largest in term of assets and biggest in term of market share compare to other competitor. The slogan of Great Eastern is â€Å"Life is great!† and the mission of Great Eastern is to make life great by providing financial security, and promoting good health and meaningful relationships and their vision is to be the leading financial service provider in Asia. As a company dedicated to the people business, it always provides solution on financial planning, protection and savings to meet their customers’ needs. Generations of individuals, families and businesses have been and will continue to be assured of their financial security with the companys full range of products such as life insurance plan, investment-linked plans, mortgage protection, business protection, employee benefits, medical insurance and group health benefit schemes. Great Eastern also offers full range of products to the potential customers whether individuals, families or organizations. Great Eastern offers flexible and affordable group health benefits and protection schemes to both the corporate and public sectors employees. Customers can purchase the products and services provided by the company according to their needs through the agents. Now a day, Great Eastern is on the track to becoming the leading financial service provider in Asia. Further, Great Eastern is ready to be the only choice of financial service provider in the region and beyond in accordance of integrity, initiative and involvement. Thus, Great Eastern has introduced a variety of products to meet consumer needs. Those products may classify into several categories as life insurance, health protection, investment-link, retirement planning and saving plan. Great Eastern continues to forge ahead through the greater use of proven leading-edge technologies to improve their business processes to create a unique customer service experience, and deliver greater value to their clients. On their website, they offer e-Connect facilities to allow policyholders to obtain their policy information on-line. It will reduce the cost for searching the information. In order to smoothen the operation and better manage their enormous customer base, Great eastern has adopts many Information technology (IT) and information system (IS) from the market-leading insurer and help to transform the company operation. Different system used by different department such as top management, middle management and operational management. Every department will used different information system according to the function and operations. The information systems adopted by Great Eastern are outsourcings also in-house development. It means that they purchase the relevant software and hardware from the market most of the time to save their cost and also develop the in-house software to perform the specific job and more easily to meet the business requirement. With the help of current IT and IS, the company are able to perform their business effectively and consistency. Besides that it will also resulted in higher level of performance, reliability and scalability of company and it delivers greater value to their clients. Senior Management Team 1. Loke Kah Meng Executive V. President Head Customer Management 2. Margaret Fong Senior V. President Head Operations 3. Lee Pooi Hor Senior V. President Head Information Technology 4. Michelle Tan Yee Ming Head, Group Audit 5. Koh Yaw Hui Chief Executive Officer 6. Cheong Soo Ching Senior V. President Head Risk Management 7. Nancy Lim Senior V. President Head Human Capital 8. Chan Choong Tho Chief Investment Officer 9. Yong Chee Keong Senior V. President Head Customer Acquisition 10. Bruce Lee Executive V. President Head Finance Corporate Affairs 11. Sophia Ch’ng Appointed Actuary 12. Liza Hanim Vice President Company Secretary b) Explore and analyze the current application of IT/IS Across different levels of management Across different functional units Great Eastern is a company that we going to do research. Great Eastern is the largest insurance company in Malaysia and the business had run over 100 years with the supporting from customers. There are over 3 million policyholders for the company. The company has used sophisticate system to run the business. Great Eastern using different information technology and information system to carry their business day-to-day and they used the information system to manage the company more effectively and efficiency. Basically the company used Oracle ERP system which is Oracle E-Business Suite to manage whole enterprise. The company consist of different departments such as Finance and Accounting department, Human Resource department, Sales and Marketing department and Customer Relationship Management department. Each department used different information systems for their operations but all the systems are linked to the Oracle E- Business Suite system. Oracle E-Business Suite Financials Human Resources Projects CRM SCM There are many systems used by the company and the main information system used by the finance department is Oracle Financials (OFIN). The main user of this information system is all the personnel in Finance department. Oracle Financials (OFIN) is one of a group under the Oracle E-Business Suite and it consists of five modules or also known as Oracle Applications. The five applications of the Oracle Financials are Oracle General Ledger, Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables, Oracle Assets and Oracle Cash Management. Besides using Oracle Financials (OFIN), the company also use other communication system and office system to run their daily business. The communication systems used by the company are E-mail, MSN, and Skype. The communication software allowed the personnel and manager interact with each other and the office they are using is Microsoft Office 2007 such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint. The application of system and software will change when it com e across different level of management. By using Oracle E-Business Suite, it helps Great Eastern to reduce the cost of automating centralizing global transaction processes and produced streamline reporting across its branch offices in Malaysia. The management said that the information maintenance cost of the company have been reduced by 35% after implemented the system. Oracle provides new solutions that help financial institutions include Great Eastern to improve customer intimacy, build competitive advantage among competitor, reduce costs by automating and centralizing the transactional processes and mitigate enterprise risk and it continues to build its financial services leadership. Great Eastern use Oracle E-Business Suite Financials to support their business is because it can meets global financial reporting such as International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) and tax requirements by using only one accounting, banking, tax and payments model. Besides that, it delivers pre-integrated financial and industry-specif ic processes and it makes Great Eastern easy to operate shared services across their businesses and regions. As it provides very consistent operation and financial information to the user, it helps the company make the correct decision on investment and business decisions with integrated performance management and business intelligence. The management of Great Eastern had divided into three categories which are executive management, middle management and operational management. The executive management includes the highest management positions in the company such as CEO and CIO, who is primarily responsible for strategic decision making also known as unstructured decisions that centre on the companys overall goals. Every decision is important and non-routine. They will determine the long term objectives, resources and policies of the organization such like where to invest, approve the capital budget and oversee the middle management. While the middle management of Great Eastern such as Finance Department manager is responsible for implementing the strategic decision such as develop a budgeting plan and investment proposal. They make semi-structured decisions which are short-range decision and will oversee operational management. The last layer in the enterprise are operational management includes all the personnel who involved in daily transaction. They need to determine how to carry out the specific tasks set by executive and middle management decision makers. They need to monitor the transaction carefully and ought to follow the procedure. In this case, the staffs of the Great Eastern need to record the transactions make by policyholders and make sure the data is correct. Oracle Applications is installed and link to the servers of a Great eastern. All the personnel from different levels of management in the company include CEO, department manager and normal employees will be given a user name and the password to link to the server. Basically, they connect to the servers in their LAN by using their browsers. The user will receive a menu to choose their responsibility before they proceed to receive another menu of functions to perform. The user may key in the data or what is happening at the company ground needs in a form in applications. In this situation the applications will not allowed to proceed further if there is any errors because the errors will be arrested at every step. The outputs will be a dozens of reports in a different format for Business Intelligence so that the users can make informed decisions based on timely information and for decision makers; they will understand better what is actually happening. The fives modules of Oracle Financials are Oracle General Ledger, Oracle Assets, Oracle Payables, Oracle Receivables and Oracle Cash Management. Oracle Financials 5 modules: Financials Assets (FA) General Ledger (GL) Receivables (AR) Payables (AP) Cash Management (CM) Oracle General Ledger Enterprise G/L Accounting Oracle General Ledger is the most scalable general ledger and the fastest in the market. It can post 40 million journal lines per hour and thus help the company cut down the time in preparing the financial report. It is the most important module which is used to manage the accounting and financial information of Great Eastern. The Oracle General Ledger will tell the company that how much profit they have generate, how much expenses they have incurred, how much assets and liabilities of the company. All the information flows from different modules into Oracle General Ledger module which manages the accounting and helps the management to make decision. Oracle General Ledger provides highly automated financial processing and real time visibility to financial results. Besides, Oracle General Ledger also can support different types of journal processing options. The system allows tailoring the chart up to 30 segments and 25 characters per segment. The user just can enter the segments they would like to enquiry then the system will show the results. Another feature of this system is the chart of account will be secured and prevent other people to access and retrieve the private data. Besides, Oracle General Ledger also can support different types of journal processing options. The user can combine journals and schedule the journals to be generated automatically and it provides spreadsheet integration for journals, reporting, budgets and currency rates. Oracle Asset Enterprise FA Assets The second module of Oracle Financials (OFIN) is Oracle Assets which is used to manage the assets of Great Eastern. The assets could be anything like laptop and computer in the company. With the help of Oracle Assets, the asset management would be automated and accounting tasks would be simplified. Standard accounting, operational, and registry reports are available to ease reconciliation and analysis. Oracle Assets allowed the user to define the depreciation rules according to the regulatory and business needs. The company can choose the method to according to the needs. Great Eastern is a global enterprise; the company is focus on the business in South East Asia. Different country used different depreciation rules to calculate the depreciation charges. As the company grows internationally, Great Eastern need an integrated, flexible system grows exponentially. In this situation, Oracle Assets supports complex reporting requirements includes worldwide financial and tax standards. Great Eastern can obey any regulatory requirements from other country by using flexible user-defined rules to calculate depreciation charge. Oracle Payables Enterprise Vendor AP The third module is Oracle Payables which is used to manage the vendors or the suppliers of the company. The transaction record or data need to enter by the operational level includes what has the company purchased from which vendor? When to pay the suppliers? Does the company pay on time? What methods they used for payment such as by credit or cash? All the transactions between the company and supplier will be record in the Oracle Payables. In the Payment Process Request window, it will show the details about the suppliers with the Great Eastern. It shows the amount, the name of vendor, date of purchased and the schedule of payments. The schedule of payments include the payment currency, amount remaining, discounts given, interest due and also total amount payable. With the help of Oracle Payables, it will optimize the payment strategies of the enterprise. The middle management is given the tools to control the cash flow, oversee the operational management to minimize the errors and the problems of overpayments. Besides that, the system also helps to eliminate the inefficiencies with the standard reports that allow the manager to eliminate the identical or double payments. Another way is Oracle Payables provides real-time, accurate cash position and speculate information so the manager can plans the payment and expenses properly. So in overall, Oracle Payables can improves the margins, infuse corporate and fiscal discipline, and optimizes business relationships between Great Eastern and their suppliers. Oracle Receivables AR Enterprise Customers The fourth module of Oracle Financials is Oracle Receivables. Basically, the information for Oracle Receivables not much different compared to Oracle payables. The difference is this system is used to manage the customers or receivables so it will tell the company that the name of the customers, items bought from the customers such as what insurance policy purchased by the customers. Besides that it would state the payment methods used by the customers and the date of payment made by customers. By using this system, it will show the credit rating of the customers due to the pass payment made by them. All the transactions between Great Eastern and their customers will be recorded in this system. In the Oracle Receivables streamlines invoice entry, it shows the name of the customers, address, contact number, policy number, types of payment, amount of premium, due date, interest due if any and etc. Besides that, it allows the company to increase their cash flow and minimize the bad debt through Oracle Receivables system and better control for the manager. Oracle Receivables allows company to go globalization. With this system, Great Eastern has the flexibility to respond to the global market needs, support any regulatory requirements and so present documents in customer’s language and also enhanced customer relationship. With the flexibility, it helps the enterprise to calculate the currency gain or loss automatically so the finance staffs they no need do the complex calculation by themselves and also able to report in multiple currencies. Oracle Cash Management CM Enterprise Bank The last module of Oracle Financials is Oracle Cash Management. It helps the company to reconcile the bank statement and it will tells that whether bank has made error not, how many bank accounts the company have and also what is the status of the bank account. It allows Great Eastern to manage the firms liquidity and control of cash. Oracle Cash Management gives the company directs access to expected cash flows from their operational systems. By using the company can analyze enterprise wide cash requirements, cash management and currency exposures more quickly, to ensure liquidity and optimal use of cash resources. As it provides flexibility in cash forecasting, in different currencies, different organization and for multiple time periods, the middle and senior management can use the system to forecast the cash flow in future based on forecasted transactions for example outstanding orders and invoices that may be create a cash flow in future. Besides that, real time cash positioning will minimize the idle cash. Real time cash positioning is important to prevent overdrafts of bank balance and helps the company manage their liquidity effectively. c) Explain how the use of such IT/IS application can help to change or manage the organization decision making and business process. Information Flow Payables (AP) Assets (FA) General Ledger (GL) Cash Management (CM) Receivables (AR) Great Eastern Finance department had used Oracle E-Business Suite to automate their general ledger and accounts payable and receivable processing, cash management and as well as their fixed assets. Oracle E-business Suite able to help the company automate budgeting, purchasing and any forecasting process include future cash flow and thus allow for online payment to the supplier or vendor. Without the information system, they have to do all financial budgeting and forecasting job manually by using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and it will cause time consuming and the information produced may not be accurate and limited. Each module in the Oracle Financials will talk to each other means that information from one module will flow to each other although they are stand alone software. In this case, the management is easier to retrieve different information from different area. By using standardized software, it simplifies interdepartmental sharing of data as well as information and they are able to get all the information they want. Besides that, the information system will also help to manage the enterprise risk and reduce compliance costs. All the modules will link together and it will provide sufficient reliable information for the management of Finance department to make any short term or long term decisions. For example, the Oracle Financials modules are linked to each other, the Finance manager can refer to different modules at the same time to forecast future cash flow and to control the daily transaction more effective. The manager may use the software to make a right investment decision in the business. Great Eastern used Oracle E-Business Suite to improve their budgeting and planning. The Finance manager of Great Eastern enters department budget and submits for the senior management to approve. Using the Oracle Cash Management and Oracle Assets, the user can immediately prepare the financial budget and forecast report after approved. Oracle Assets For Oracle Assets, operational management which involves Finance staffs have to enter the original cost of the assets, the useful life of the assets, and the most important step is to choose the depreciation method which the company complied with in order to calculate the accurate depreciation amount for each year. By using the Oracle Assets, it gives the company and department more accurate visibility of capital investments and therefore the middle management like Finance manager will has better control over their capital investment. Once the Finance manager inquiries for the ad-hoc report, he may use the powerful Asset Inquiry to access the information he looking for, including transaction history of the clients, financial details, depreciation profile, capital project details and financial details. The senior management of Great Eastern able to optimize their accounting and tax strategies by projecting depreciation expenses with what-if depreciation analysis. With the assist of Oracle Assets, it drives better decision making and able to optimized business processes at lowest cost. Oracle Cash Management For oracle Cash Management, the operational management will enter all the past transaction data into Oracle Cash Management for example the cash inflow and cash outflow then the system will calculate the net cash flow. The middle management they only enter the duration they going to forecast for example 3 months from now, they also need to choose the forecast currency then the system will do the calculation and forecast the future cash flow of the company. The Finance manager can base on the forecasted result and decide how to allocate the cash and how much to invest in which area to maximize the revenue of company. The user can do their budgeting and forecasting without rely on the hard copy report, because all the data will easily and quickly turns up on time which will increase the accuracy of forecast. It will also make sure the accurate information of the company’s assets between Finance department and line of business will help the manager make better decision on budgeti ng. Without the assist of the system, it may take up to 2 weeks to make the report available to the manager. After preparing the budget and forecast report, it will helps the Finance manager to have an clearer picture on how to allocate the funds in different area of investments such as shares market, bond, unit trust or deposits. In addition, Oracle Cash Management can build a cash forecast based on forecasted transactions like outstanding order and invoices. With this, the user in Finance department can analysis the past transactions from the customers and suppliers such as receipt and past payments into future. Once the budget and forecast report was approved, the budget data will be upload into Oracle General Ledger for combination. After that the budget is ready to use by the Finance department. Besides that, the month-end report also can be created within a day allowed the faster response to inquiry by the Finance manager. Oracle General Ledger Finance department staffs are using Oracle General Ledger and Oracle Cash Management to done their day-to-day business transaction include oversee the invoicing, budgeting and also company cash flow. The Oracle applications are integrated with each other, it makes the financial information more stable and reliable and stored in a single database. It gives the higher visibility to the manager into financial matters. Basically the manager will have confident in making any financial decisions because the data provided is accurate and is the latest one considered as up-to-date data. Operational management in Great Eastern Finance department used the Oracle General Ledger to enter the daily accounting transaction. The finance staffs just need to enter the correct data such as the premium amount; expenses and amount claim from policyholders then the system will help them to perform the task. Since the system performs the task in automated way, it will minimize the error make by people and increase the efficiency. For middle management, they will oversee the operational level. Since Oracle General Ledger provides flexible chart of accounts and reporting structures, the finance department manager can based on the report and make the decision. Oracle General Ledger allows the middle management to have a complete control and flexibility to design their own chart of accounts. They need to know the amount of insurance premium delay or accrue by the policyholders and send the notifications to reminder them to pay off. Furthermore, they can control the budget and expenses made by the department based on the accounting record. Oracle General Ledger also provides flexibility to the management level to response to their inquiry. The manager only enters the segment they want then the system will show the result to manager. From the result, the manager will know the balance of the account, the amount paid to the suppliers and received from customers. The senior management use Oracle General Ledger to check on the profitability revenue growth of the Great Eastern. The CEO of the company can use the system to check the balance each month because the system provides the feature of automated month-end close processing. It allows the senior management to optimize the use of resources they have such as, cash, assets and budget to generate more income for company in future. From the accounting record, Finance department will know the profitability revenue growth in the past; it will help the company to make better decision in the future and fully utilize the resources that the company has to generate higher revenue by referring to the accounting record produced by Oracle General Ledger. Oracle General Ledger’s Financial Statement Generator (FSG) improves the precisely and timeliness of financial reporting. FSG supports many output options includes PDF, HTML, text and spreadsheet outputs. In addition, the staffs are allowed to create quality reports by defining the report layouts using word processing application and leveraging formatting features like change the font size, colour and adding logo. Oracle Receivables Oracle Receivables is a module which enables the Finance department to manage all the transaction made by the customers. The staffs have to enter the information of the customers like name, policy number, date, types of purchases and amount of purchases in order to reduce the error. Oracle Receivables will do calculation with data, determine the premium amount need to pay by the policyholders and calculate the interest due if the policyholders failed to pay the premium on time. The task will be automated so it will help to reduce the personal error and provide more accurate and timely data. Based on this system, the operational management will send the notification letter to the customers and tell the customers when they need to pay the premium. Basically the information from this system will flow to Microsoft Office- Microsoft Word in preparing the notification for customers. In order to optimize customer relationships with the company and provide strategic information, Oracle Receivables allows the finance staffs to streamline invoicing and receipt. The data enter will be saved in the database and easy for user to retrieve data next time. In addition, it will let the management know the credit rating of the customers and so they will always focus on the loyal customers once they introduce new product. With the assist of Oracle Receivables, the middle management know who is unlikely to make payment on time and they will find out the solutions try to enhanced the relationship between the customers with enterprise and reducing the time and effort required to process customer payments thus resolve disputes. By using Oracle Receivables, the senior management of the company can provides variety of convenient payments to the customers to make payment like using credit card, debit card, check or cash. This will encourage timely payment and reduce their day sales outstanding (DSO). Oracle Payables Oracle Payables are deal with the transaction for suppliers. By using this system, it will tell the company when they should pay to the suppliers. Oracle Payables will show the amount, date and the name of person or organization that the company should pay on time in order to maintain a good credit rating and trustworthily form the creditor. With the help of Oracle Payables, it will optimize the payment strategies of the enterprise. The middle management is given the tools to control the cash flow, oversee the operational management to minimize the errors and the problems of overpayments. The management level can based on this system decide what types of payment they should pay first and what the payment method is. This system supports shared services functionality which promotes best practice for Great Eastern. Besides that, Oracle Payables also provide full scale support for Great Eastern including foreign currency transactions and also future date payment. So in overall, Oracle Payables can improves the margins, infuse corporate and fiscal discipline, and optimizes business relationships between Great Eastern and their suppliers. Office and communication system For Office Automation System (OAS), Great Eastern Finance department using Microsoft Office 2007 in perform their daily business. It is designed to increase the productivity of data workers in the office by supporting the coordinating and communicating activities of the typical office. The most common office tools used by the finance staffs are Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel. The staffs are using Microsoft Word to prepare the report and letter or document required by the manager. Basically, the financial report of Oracle Financials will link to Microsoft Word and PDF directly so the staffs no need to prepare again the report by their own. The Finance staffs use Microsoft Excel to do some simple calculation such as the total premium amount paid by the customers, the monthly collection, interest payment and etc. Besides that, they also used Microsoft PowerPoint when there is a meeting of the department. The presenter will show the slides by using Microsoft PowerPoint to make it mor e interesting. Besides that, the company also uses communication software in order to communicate with each level of the department. The most common communication way is to use E-mail. Each staffs in the company from lowest to top management are given their own E-mail address for internal use and external use. For the internal use, the colleague can send the document, notice or information through E-mail to a

Folk tale Genre :: essays papers

Folk tale Genre The greatest treasure of every nation is its language. Fairy tales are part of the oral traditions of literature all over the world. The fairy tale is one of the forms of the people's linguistic arts where life and social system are reflected. Folklore, mythology, fables, tall stories, and other classic tales have been handed down, generation through generation. Countless treasures of human thought and experience still accumulate and live in the world even after thousand of years. Fairy tales appeared in the world a long time ago. Every culture has it is own variety of these stories. Although, fairy tales differ because of places, cultures, and periods their unique impact on teaching and entertaining of people has not been changed. Every class of people, in all parts of the world, has passed down this great tradition for generations, giving it popularity. Some scholars have studied reasons of why fairy tales still exist and continue to be told everywhere. They state that "stories may differ in subject from place to place, the conditions and purposes of tale telling may change as we move from land to land, from century to century, and yet everywhere it ministers to the same basic social and individual needs (15-18)". Fairy tale allows the reader and the wrier to go into a new imaginary world. There are many things to learn from the fairy tale. Tales in their simplest form have many reasons for being told. The psychologist, Bruno Bettelhiem, studied what is being learned from folk tales. He states: " Folk tales tell about the agonies of sibling rivalry, of wishes coming true, of the humble being elevated, of true merit being recognized even hidden under rags of virtue rewarded and evil punished (45-46)". In every telling of a fairy tale, an audience is eager to listen and retell the story to a new audience. The social values can be taken back to the history, and around to all parts of the world. The tales take the pulse of existence and of man's faculty of dreaming and communing. According to M.K. Thompson: " Curiosity about the past has always brought eager listeners to tales of long ago which supply the simple man with all he knows of the history of this tale (484-485)".

Essay --

As time changes, so does everything else in the world. Scientists have been finding numerous ways to improve our ordinary technology and they have succeeded, but what about transportation? Over the years, scientists have improved transportation by simply thinking out of the box. Cars have evolved from being animals people ride on to automobiles people ride in. For example, the use of transportation was the use of donkeys and horses from the Middle Ages all the way to the 18th century; people loved the idea of wagons and horses because it was the easiest way to get from place to place (5). The first car to ever be made was invented by Karl Benz in 1886 and it had three wheels; Benz also built the first successful gasoline powered vehicle to ever be seen but it was very expensive (9). As the idea of cars came about, people thought it was ten times better than using wagons and horses; the car was the quicker and easier way for people to travel around. Furthermore, the first affordable car to be invented was made by Henry Ford in 1903, and it was a four-wheeler that was also a gasoline powered car; it was called the Model T, and it was very unsafe because it didn't have anything to protect the driver (10). As cars kept improving over the years, inventors and sci entists found new ways to keep people safe in their cars; the seatbelt was then invented by Nils Bohlin and it was first introduced by Volvo in 1959 (1). Since more people were buying cars, inventors and scientists wanted to make it a safer experience, so they came up with a way for people to not fly out of their cars; this surely kept the accident rate down. In less than two hundred years, transportation went from animals to vehicles; scientists have made cars safer, easier, ... ... fiberglass, and even steel (3). As boats became larger and heavier, scientists found the need to accompany those characteristics with different materials to help boats stay afloat, remain durable, and still be able to navigate. With the creation of boats, people's lives have changed and will continue to do so with the help of new technology and scientists daring to think of the unimaginable. It is not a surprise that technology has come to be as advanced as it is now but along with it, transportation has also evolved and continues to do so in the biggest way possible. From cars to boats to rockets, transportation is important for human beings to get around and it has advanced greatly with the help of scientists and regular people who chose to think bigger. Scientists are just beginning with these new inventions, so who knows what new transportation will come next.

Interpretation of John Updikes A&P :: Literary Analysis

The first line of the story, â€Å"A&P, by John Updike, â€Å"In walks three girls in nothing but bathing suits†; (230) sets the tone for the rest of the story. The rest of the story is a description of how the main character Sammy, views not only the three girls in the bathing suits , but the rest of the women that are portrayed in the story. The main character of the story is a young guy, in the early 60s, who is working at a grocery store when these three young ladies walk in. He describes how they were scantily dressed and walking around the store, and the reactions of the others in the store, including himself, his co-workers, his manager and other customers. This story is about how a 19-year-old guy in 1961 viewed and objectified the women, young and old, entirely. The first woman Sammy has dealings with after seeing the three girls is a customer he describes as â€Å"a witch of about fifty years, with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows† (230). She has become impatient with him when he cannot remember if he rang up her box of crackers, since the three younger girls distracted him. Sammy also says, â€Å"If she were born in the right time, they would have burned her over in Salem†, substantiating his characterization of her being a witch. He believes that this woman’s purpose was to trip him up and get pleasure from it. Sammy goes on to describe the three young women. The first one he refers to as the â€Å"chunky one† (230), whom he describes as having a â€Å"sweet broad soft looking can† (230), in reference to her backside. He also adds, â€Å"With two crescents of white under it where the sun never shines† (230), indicating that he is really gawking at her backside. The second, he describes as the â€Å"tall one, with black hair that hadn’t quite frizzled right, with a chin that was too long† (230) - the kind that other girls think is very â€Å"striking† (230) and â€Å"attractive† (230). The third, he described as the â€Å"queen† (230). As she pulled out her money to pay for her purchase, Sammy talked about how he slowly un-creased the bill because it was retrieved from what he described as the â€Å"nicest two scoops of vanilla he has ever seen† (230); referencing the â€Å"queens† breasts. He also describes her bathing su it being off her shoulders, and that there was â€Å"nothing between the top of her suit and the top of her head but her†; alluding to more nakedness than is already apparent.

Prewriting Exercise Essay

STEP 2) Describe two controversies surrounding this topic The first controversy is with regard to the idea of a universal health care system for the United States as a solution to its current health care situation of having an increasing rate of uninsurance among its working populace. While there is considerable current literature that argue that government should be able to provide adequate health care for all of its citizens, the questions of prioritization and proper allocation of funding comes into play. Specific research would have to be found to quantify as well as qualify the problem of uninsurance so as to evaluate just how much government action ought to be necessary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second controversy is whether or not current government action in terms of federal funding for Medicare and Medicaid is sufficient to address the needs of Americans. This issue examines what both of the programs currently provide and how much each has actually helped the American public in facing health service issues. Again, factual research need to be complied in order to present a clear picture of how much these programs are helping so that a sound conclusion regarding whether they are helping enough can be reached. STEP 3) Describe which side of the argument you feel is right and why I believe that given the current health care needs of the American public, serious consideration of establishing a universal health are system should be deeply considered. I also believe that current measures are not enough. Of course, these are assertions that I’ve initially made based on personal experiences in my interactions with individuals seeking health care support from the government. Therefore, I would need to gather more solid, factual information to support my claims. I will need to explore the concept of a universal health care system better in terms of its application to other countries so that I can have a deeper perspective on what needs to be done. STEP 4) Formulate a working thesis sentence The development of a universal health care system is a positive step towards the solution of the American uninsurance problem.

Bal Gangadhar Tilak Essay

Born in a comfortably-cultured Brahim family on July 23, 1856 in Ratangari, Maharashtra, Bal Gangadhar Tilak was a multifacet personality. He is considered to be the Father of Indian Unrest. He was a disciple of Indian tale, Sanskrit, mathematics, uranology and Hindooism.He had imbibed erect, cultures and intelligence from his father Gangadhar Ramchandra Tilak who was a Sanskrit scholar and a no reinvigoratedorthy appriseer. At the age of 10, Bal Gangadhar went to Pune with his family as his father was transferred. In Pune, he was enlightened in an Anglo-Vernacular school. aft(prenominal) some historic period he disoriented his grow and at the age of 16 his father too he got con bond to a 10- category- obsolescent girl pull aheadd Satyabhama spot he was studying in Matriculation. In 1877, Tilak substantialized his studies and continued with studying Law.With an aim to bestow beliefs somewhat Indian culture and subject headls to Indias y let onh, Tilak along w ith Agarkar and Vishnushstry founded the Dec mold up raising companionship. Soon after that Tilak started twain scoreklies, Kesari and Marathi to spotlight plight of Indians. He as well started the celebrations of Ganapati feast and Shivaji Jayanti to substantiveise spate close in c erstwhilert and join the acresa advert lead manpowert against British.In sputtering for quite a littles sweat, twice he was displaceenced to imprisonment. He launched Swadeshi Movenment and cogitated that Swarfargonaj is my birth agreement and I sh in each rent it. This quote stir millions of Indians to join the emancipation struggle. With the oddment of Swaraj, he to a fault built kinsfolk rein in alliance. Tilak unendingly trave conduct across the artless to press and convince raft to believe in Swaraj and dispute for part withdom. He was constantly fighting against evil and iodine sorry mean solar sidereal mean solar solar daytime on sublime 1, 1920, he d ied.Bal Gangadhar Tilak was one of the prime architects of innovational India and is til now keep in the wagon of millions of India.Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a reality of an indomit fitting null and a unseasoned vision, was innate(p) in Maharashtra in 1856, of the caste of Chitpavan Brahmins, who had ru lead altogether over Shivajis empire. He was natural cardinal eld after the final British conquest of Maratha origin. He was a scholar of the depression rank, educator, journalist and premier(prenominal)- course of instruction among the drawing cards of in the buff India. Tilak well-read of the pass judgments of Bharatdharma as a child in his theme at Ratnagiri. His father was an educator and he c ar richly tutored the boy in Sanskrit and mathematics, and his mother friended to mould his firm character and to teach him the c atomic number 18 for of his immaculate heritage. From twain p arnts he learned a healthy adoration for weird value, and he learned that he shared the history of the Marathas, that he was successor to a glorious martial tradition.His unearthly or nerveual orientation, the product of his familys dev step upness, was apparent in his afterwards books, as when he wrote, The grandest virtue of worldly concern is to be filled with wonder and reverence by whateverthing in the animate and non-living creation that suggests inherent divinity.1 He similarly made continuous reference to the enormous Shivaji and the history of his Maratha wad, the fiery tradition of their independence, their war against the Mogul Empire to restore Swaraj and to go on the Dharma. The Maratha pack had non forgotten that they had been free, that Swaraj had been their birth-right. From his childhood, he inherited a vision of a untried India arising, firmly establish on the marrow and traditions of her polish and her ago.Tilak had an slope teaching, tho he was far less de topicised than approximately students of his generation, for he specialized in Mathematics and Sanskrit, and, if anything, his pedagogy brought him closer to the sources of his heritage. When he examine law, he concentrated on classical Indian Law, reading n archaeozoic e truly the spacious criminal records of law and legal commentaries in Sanskrit. His study of Sanskrit was a vitality-long occupation and he was recognise as one of Indias guide Sanskrit scholars. Relying upon his association of this ancient oral communication and his mathematical training, he wrote Orion, Studies in the antiquity of the Vedas, in which he explored the thesis that the put Veda was composed as early as 4500 B. C., basing his evidence on astronomical calculations from the Sanskrit texts.This cultivategained him recognition in the tungstenern gentle valet de chambres gentleman for his scholarship in Oriental studies. His fleck abundant book was again on the Vedas, The Arctic legal residence of the Vedas, in which, avowing upon astronomica l and geological data, he argued that the Aryans probably origin tot all(prenominal)yy lived in the far northern dispatches of the Asiatic continent. This book is credited as being one of the most original and bizarre plows in Sanskrit scholarship. The Vedic Chronology was a posthumously published volume of his nones and and researches. His slap-upest work was the Gita-Rahasya, a philosophic inquiry into the secret of the teaching of the Gita, the holiest book of Aryadharma. In this volume he re see the Gita in its classical guts, restoring the proper emphasis to the school of thought of follow done, Karma-Yoga, and his is considered one of the asidestanding studies of the Gita in red-brick Indian literature.The Gita-Rahasya assured Tilaks mail among the greatest of Indias scholars and philosophers. His classical studies enabled him to feel the savor of Indias classical ism of conduct. In his heart of hearts he al modes remained a humble student of Indias great ness. Even after he had produce the foremost constitution- reservation draw of India, he often said that he wished he could devote his manners to teaching Mathematics, and pursuing his scholarly researches into the wisdom of Indias ancient cultivation.Soon after the windup of his university pedagogy, Tilak embarked upon his mission in life. As he was deeply interested in education and normal service from his young age, he re exploitd to dedicate his life to the ca drop of reorientation of Indian education and drastic brotherly and semi governing beal advances. In these ventures he was joined by his best friends, G. G. Agarkar and Chiplunkar. all told of them wanted, as N. C. Kelkar has written, the body politic to know itself and its k darkly glories, so that it whitethorn crap.confidence in its avow medium, and capa city to adapt itself wisely and well to the sunrise(prenominal) surroundings, without losing its individuality. 2 Hence, Tilak, assisted by his fr iends, started the New position School in 1880.The institution was much(prenominal) an immediate success that they founded the Dec piece of tail Education con plyeracy in Poona, and the coterminous year started the famous Fergusson College. Simultaneously, they began editing and publishing cardinal newbornspapers, the Kesari, a Marathi-language Weekly, and The Mahratta, its English-language counter jockstraping. in all these young men apply themselves, their lives and theirfortunes to earthy education by their schools and by dint of their newspapers.solely in brief a overhasty difference arose between Tilak and his friends over the inquiry of companionable ameliorate. As a result, Tilak could non remain for long associated with the Dec earth-clo scar Education Society, and he, finally sparked with his co-workers. It was finally decided at the end of 1890 that Tilak should get the Kesari and The Mahratta and devote himself to journalism, sequence Agarkar and o ther cordial workers would demand a free hand in the Deccan Education Society.As an editor program, Tilak was unsurpassed. The Kesari and The Mahratta, nether his guidance, were al paths enormously powerful and came to be financially successful. His distressfulness and unflinching sense of dedication led him to champion the causes of his slew against any and all who would be unjust, autocratic or opportunistic. As editor of the Kesari, Tilak became the awakener of India, the Lion of Maharashtra, the most influential Indian newspaper editor of his day. It was as editor that Tilak began his three great differencesagainst the air jacketernizing sociable put righters, against the inert liven up of orthodoxy, and against the British Raj. It was as editor that he became a leader of the new forces in the Indian discip wrinkle sexual congress and the Indian nation.Tilaks prototypal re save was to the Western civilizations carcass of values. He denyed the policy- reservatio n orientation of those intellectuals who found their course of study of tender and policy-making achieve almost entirely on the ism of life of ordinal one C Europe. These intellectuals were truly more(prenominal) the products of Western civilization than Indian. Tilak, unlike them, was non ready to reject Indias admit philosophical trunk of life in scrap array to imitate the school of thought of the British. He recognised that the social launch in India needed a drastic re digit, tho instead of judging Indian social practices by the standards of the West, he interpreted them and looked for their re material body from Indian standards. Aurobindo Ghose exemplified this new attack in writing, Change of forms there whitethorn and go out be, hardly the novel organic law moldiness(prenominal)iness be a new self-expression, a self-creation developed from within it moldiness(prenominal) becharacteristic of the sum and non servilely borrowed from the embodiments of an alien nature.3 Tilak knew that there moldiness be change, hardly alike he knew that a ism mustiness guide the remaking of India, and that the all-important(a) question for Indias afterlife tense was whether that guide, that philosophy, would be Western or Indian in inspiration, He wrote, It is difficult to see the right smart in darkness without light or in a thick hobo camp without a guide. And he rejected the rationalism and scepticism of Western philosophy, when he remarked that unmixed common sense without belief in trust is of no advances in searching for the truth. In the era of the apparitional and philosophical conversion of Bharatdharma, Tilak sought the guidance of Indias take philosophy. Undoubtedly, his initial motive was non to discover a achievableness of social and semi semi governmental fulfill and quite a to get word a satisfying personal philosophy of life. In his private life, he seek to rediscover and reapply the Indian philosoph y of life. And his achievements in private and public life gave him a theme for building up a new theory of policy-making action, obligation and ordering.His scratch task was to look nooky the atrophied forms of unearthly orthodoxy and custom, to find the values that had built the Indian civilization. Tilak recognised that the remodelion of Hindu religion was non found on a fragile ground like custom. Had it been so, it would get hold of been levelled to the ground really long ago. It has finaled so long because it is founded on everlasting Truth, and eternal and pure doctrines relating to the unconditional Being. 4 This truth was not recognised by the Westernized intellectuals, in their fixation with the remaking of India jibeing to their own image. nevertheless, on the verso, Tilak started with a confidence in the spiritual usance of human life, which the ancient Indian philosophy taught. And he regarded spiritual mature as the basis of social good. He wrote Th e organise of cartel collapses with and the collapse of faith in the origination of the soul. The doctrine of soul-lessness upstage the need for faith. still when faith therefrom ceased to be an organic force medical dressing society together, society was bound to be disrupted and individuals living in a community were sure to find their own different paths to happiness. The ties which bind society in one harmonical organization would be snapped, and no other binding precept would address their place. Moral ties would loosen, and quite a little would decease fromgood object lesson standards.5 His personal life was based on this structure of faith and the virtuous targetfulness provided by this creation remained with him by dint ofout his life. No creed that doubted the existence of the soul or the spiritual purpose of human life could inspire Tilak or his great fate thus the redisco rattling of faith as the organic binding force was the first principle in his emergin g philosophy.From the idea of spiritual rediscovery Tilak, like Aurobindo Ghose and others, developed a personal philosophy of life, firmly based on the knowledge that the individual and the irresponsible Soul are one, and that the supreme goal of the soul is liberation. He explored the wisdom of the Real and the relative humannesss, the consequence of creation, and the object lesson working out of the cosmic evolution towards liberation. From this foundation he unsounded the purpose of life, to live in accord with dharma, the integrating principle of the cosmic order. As Aurobindo Ghose wrote of the Indian philosophy of life, The idea of dharma is, near to the idea of the Infinite, its major chord dharma, next to spirit, is its foundation of life.6 formerly these principles were current, Western rationalism and scepticism, materialism and utilitarianism could harmonize little appeal. It was from this basic interpret that he began his criticism of the Westernizers who wo uld destroy this wisdom and these values. It taught them to kip down and respect, not the forms of atrophied orthodoxy, tho quite the spirit of the total Indian philosophy, the station of life and wisdom of life of the Indian civilization.Indias civilization and her history provided Tilak the new insight for his theory of social and semipolitical action. He felt that there was no occasion for India to feel ashamed of her civilization when campared with the West. On the contrary, India should feel great disdain. Indian values were different from but not inferior to Western values. The Westernized intellectuals, who abhorred Indias value organisation and who wanted to change and remaking India in an alien faith, were quite wrong, for as Tilak reminded them, How can a man be proud of the greatness of his own nation if he feels no pride in his own religion? It was Bharatdharma that provided an sympathiseing of the honourable purposefulness of the universe, which is the ne edful basis of a philosophyof life, and it provided them with a guide to concrete action in personal, social and political matters.It was with this perspective and this inspiration that Tilak and other genuine studyists began their battles for the creation of a new India. Relying on a hard-nosed appraisal of the world as Tilak found it, he set active not to re bring out India in the image of an alien enclose of values, but to recreate India on the foundations of her own greatness. From an Indian philosophy of life he began to construct an Indian philosophy of social enlighten and of political relation that was to become the political theory of the Indian independence Movement.Tilak believed in Aryadharma, but he was never a craft follower of orthodoxy. He did not cut down the obvious evils of the atrophied social administration which were repellent to the social illuminateers and instigated them to enlist action. provided he became the foremost of those in India who i rrelevant the extremist measures of these social reformers. But the very concomitant that he was educated and that he refrained from joining the reformers indicted him as a shielder of orthodoxy in the eyes of the extremists. He was condemned by the extremists as a reactionary, as the spokesman for rearwardswardness. slide fastener could be farther from the truth. He in earnest hoped to see of the evils of the Indian social system removed, the entire system reformed, and to this end he brought forward his own concrete proposals for ameliorate social conditions.He was a unwavering advocate of progress. At the homogeneous clipping, he relentlessly fought against the grandiose schemes of the Westernizing reformers. Instead of schemes he wanted concrete courses for the he succour of real and pressing needs of the plenty. His reform work was direct, as in the good example of the dearth relief design, the textile workers assistance, the harass prevention work. Tilak was no t an arm-chair reformer he was a worker with and for the mass.His objection to the social reformism of men like Mr. Justice Ranade and his disciple, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, professor Bhandarkar, Byramji Malbari, Agarkar and the others, was two fold. First, without a wax storage area of the values that had been preserved and transmitted by the social system,these men were imparting to kick out virtually everything, to remake India almost entirely in the image of the West, and to base Indian social forms on the values they had learned from their Western education. To Tilak, it was folly, it was criminal, to banish everything created by Indias civilization because Indian values and Indian religion did not coincide with the nineteenth century European notions of materialism, rationalism and utilitarianism. He knew their obsession was contrary to common sense and good practice. He once wrote .a fleck of our educated men began to accept uncritically the materialistic doctrines of t he Westerners. accordingly we return the base situation of the new generation making on their minds a carbon facsimile of the gross materialism of the West. 7And he went on to remind the social reformers that our present downfall is due not to Hindu religion but to the fact that we have absolutely forsaken religion. Second, since the reformers could not inspire mass best-selling(predicate) support for their apelike social reform programme, they sought to enforce reform by means of administrative fiat, to rely upon the coercive power of the represent up, the alien asseverate of the British rule, to effect social change. From Tilaks public creedpoint, to remake India in the image of the West would mean to destroy her greatness and to use the force of an alien rule to trim back any kind of reform would be to make that reform itself im righteous.Reforms, to Tilaks mind, must grow from within the multitude. Since he accepted this proposition as true, it logically followed that attempts to gouge the community to accept them were absurd. Reform, according to him, would have to be based upon the value system of the populate and not on the values taught to the Westernized few in an alien system of education. The answer lay, he believed, in popular education which must be initiated with an understanding of the classical values and must proceed to recreate the vitality of those values in the forms of social order. Since the classical values were thoroughly intermixed with popular religion, he believed that religious education will first and foremost take aim our attention.In this way a new spirit will be born in India. India need not imitate from some other civilization when the can rely on the spirit of her past greatness. As D. V. Athalye has written The difference was this, that while Ranade wasprepared, if convenient, to coquette with religious sanction to social order, Tilak insisted that there should be no dissever between the two. 8 proceeded to take action in accordance with his conviction.Because he wanted genuine reform and not simple imitation of Western life and manners, and because he believed that such(prenominal) reform must come from the pack themselves and not from a foreign political science, Tilak was led to advocate two causes which were to become his lifes work. First, he fought to reawaken India to her past and to base her next greatness on her past glories. Second, keen well that real progress can precisely be made by a self-governing people, knowing that virtuous progress can only be made through with(predicate) clean-living and egalitarian decisions, knowing, therefore, that Swaraj or self-government was the prerequisite of real social, political, stinting, cultural and spiritual progress, Tilak began to think in terms of the issue of Swaraj. The social reformers were prepared to criticise almost everything Indian, to imitate the West in the name of im elicitment, and to rely upon the power of a foreign brass to bring near this improvement.They were convinced that only by social reform would they earn political reform that, therefore, social reform must leave political reform. Tilak argued just the contrary way, that political reform must precede social reform for it is only popular self-government that is moral government, that it is only moral government that can create moral social change and, therefore, self-rule is necessary, and the first object which must be act is the change of the people to their heritage of self-rule.Tilaks approach being more realistic and founded on solid moral values, he could perceive more absolvely the groundwork causes of the Indian social evils than did his social reform opponents. He felt that it was not obviously the forms and practices of Indian society which had to be changed if substantive social reforms were to be brought about. He perceived that abusive social practices were the direct get-go of the spirit of orthodo xy which filled the forms of social order and inertly resisted change. This spirit had resulted from a thousand age of instability, defeat, foreign overlordship, defensiveness and inflexibility. Therefore, stiff reform, Tilak believed, must lastly depend upon a reawakening of the true, vital,life-affirming spirit of the Indian people and civilization.Instead of criticising social form as the great evil, he began his battle with the atrophied spirit of orthodoxy while still engaged in his battle with the Westernized reformers. He wrote ..just as old and orthodox opinions (and their holders the Pandits etc.,) are one-sided, so the new English educated reformers are also and dogmatic. The old Sastries and Pandits do not know the new part whereas the newly educated class of reformers are ignorant of the traditions and the traditional philosophy of Hinduism. Therefore, a proper knowledge of the old traditions and philosophies must be imparted to the newly educated classes, and the Pan dits and Sastries must be obligen information about the newly changed and changing circumstances. 9His battle was not characterized by abhorrence for the old spirit because he understood it and the subprogram it had played. The spirit was locked up in forms, rituals, and customs, that had become virtually dead things. The orthodox spirit had served its purpose because it has transmitted classical values to a new generation who could understand them and bring about the necessary rebirth and reapplication of those values.The degraded aspects of the spirit of orthodoxy were lethargy, indolence, exclusiveness and inaction. They had fed on disunity and divisiveness, born of defensiveness and rigidity, and from this had arisen casteism in all its worst manifestations, defeatism and fatalism, the loss of the example of harmonious social cooperation, of courage and of reservein a word, the dynamics of the classical philosophy of life had been perverted into negation and passivity. This spirit, Tilak believed, was harmful to Indias progress, and it was with this spirit that he did battle. Atrophied orthodoxy had no religious excuse. Its spirit was in part the perversion and negation of the world and of the classical ideal of the fulfilment of the purpose of life, the union of man with his Creator.But Tilak also visualized that mere philosophical disputation was not decent for the re-awakening of India, and it required change in the hearts of people and not, as the reformers believed, change in the forms of institutions. As an editor who had everlastingly utilise himself to populareducation, he first reached the people. As his chief colleague, N. C. Kelkar, wrote, Through his paper, the Kesari, he workoutd an extensive influence over the masses, and it is this influence that is earlier responsible for the infusion of a new spirit among the people. 10 He was a sincere, forceful speaker, and he taught from both the classroom and the public platform his new me ssage of awakening India. Perhaps, the most effective way in which he reached the people was through the celebration of issue festivals. He was instrumental in popularizing two great festivals, one to Ganapati, the Hindu deity of study and propitiousness, and the other, a festival to revive the retrospect and glory of Shivaji, the liberator of Maharashtra, and the restorer of Swaraj through his fight with the Mogul Empire. He especially punctuate the dynamic spirit of Shivaji.He wrote, It is the spirit which actuated Shivaji in his doings that is held onwards as the proper ideal to be kept constantly in the view of the rising generation. To trammel this spirit in constant view, Tilak worked ceaselessly to reach the people and to educate them through the festivals. throughout Maharashtra, he carried his doctrine, he waged his battle. Education through religion and history, through the association in the popular mind with gods and heroes, through recreating an clutches of the h eritage of the past as a guide to the futurethis was the way he conducted his battle. He soon became the first declaim spokesman for the no-longer silent, tradition-directed, masses of India. He became the defender and the awakener of Indias philosophy of life.He taught first the dharma of action. This philosophy of action he drew from the Gita. He reminded the people that India had not become a great nation through negativeness and indolence, but quite through a dynamic willingness to meet the problems of the day and to solve them morally. This was the greatest need of the present day. He often said such things as, No one can expect providence to protect one who sits with folded arms and throws his commove on others. God does not help the indolent. You must be doing all that you can to lift yourself up, and so only you may rely on the Almighty to help you. 11Along with the dharma of action, Tilak taught the dharma of unity to thepeople of India. The unity of India, the unity of the Indian civilization, is Bharatdharma, the spiritually-based and spiritually-dedicated way of life. The spirit of orthodoxy had done injustice to that way of life. It had compartmentalised society, it had placed men in segregated and exclusive caste communities that were unfriendly to the feeling of common heritage and common cause. The true spirit of Varnashrama-dharma was harmony and cooperation and unity, and this spirit Tilak sought to reawaken through religious education. He wrote, It is possible to unite the pursuit of Hinduism by the revival and growth of the Hindu religion, for the Hindu religion does not lie in caste, eating and insobriety.The Ganapati and Shivaji festivals served the purpose of bringing people together. sight who worship a common deity, people who recognise a common historical tradition will, in his mind, be able to stand together, to overcome the disunity of social form and to work together for the common good. Tilak envisaged a unity of all th e people of India, coupled among themselves and united with their traditions, united to face the future by the common ideals they held. In this way, through common, united effort, social evils could be pass on by the people themselves, and, moreover, the spirit of case revival, the restoration of national arrogance, essential for gaining self-rule, depended upon the restoration of national unity and mutual respect.Thus through his messages of action and unity and as editor of the Kesari and The Mahratta, Tilak became the acknowledged awakener of India. As editor of his newspapers, he also became active in political affairs. After he left the Deccan Education Society in 1889, he joined the Indian subject area intercourse, hoping that it would be instrumental in pass on marriage the nation and in securing political reforms. He held a post in the Congress as early as 1892, as secretary of the Bombay Provincial Conference. At the same snip, he actively participated in public affairs, prop public send office on several(prenominal) occasions. In 1894, he was pick out a Fellow of the Bombay University, and next year he held a post in the Poona Municipality. For two years he was a member of the Bombay Legislative Council, but, he called the completely circumscribed powers and the work of this body a huge joke.He did notseek public office because he desired a political or governmental career but rather because it was one means, among several, which he chose to utilize to further the causes in which he hygienicly believed. But he soon get tod that holding public office was one of the to the lowest degree effective ways of promoting his ends, and, more important, he Soon realize public office under the alien raj was self-defeating. About this time he also began to become disillusion with the programme and policies of the Moderate-dominated Congress. His fighting spirit was antagonised by the predominant Congress attitude of invoke for reform and pass ing mild resolutions of remonstrance against the abuses of the administration. The Congress was not coming to grips with the real problems of the people. In 1896, he publicly announce his disagreement with the policies of the Congress in writing, For the last twelve years we have been yelling hoarse, desiring that the government should hear us.But our yelling has no more affected the government than the sound of a gnat. Our rulers disbelieve our statements, or profess to do so. Let us now try to force our grievances into their ears by strong constitutional means. We must give the best political education possible to the ignorant villagers. We must meet them on terms of equality, teach them their rights and show how to fight constitutionally. Then only will the government realize that to nauseate the Congress is to despise the Indian Nation. Then only will the efforts of the Congress leaders be enthrone with success. Such a work will require a large body of able and adept-mind ed workers, to whom politics would not mean some holiday pleasure but an every-day duty to be performed with the strictest regularity and utmost capacity. 12As he had relied on democratic social action through religious education, Tilak now relied on political education to rally the people behind the cause of political reform. He, therefore, began, through the pages of the Kesari and through an organisation of volunteer deficit relief workers, to inform the poverty potty peasants of their legal rights. He urged the people to confess against governmental inaction. He sent out volunteers to collect detailed information on the devastation in rural areas which he then forwarded to the government to support his case. He printed and dis pensiond a leaflet explaining the provisions of the deficit Relief Code to the peopleand urged them to take their case to the government. His efforts informed and aroused the people and alienated the bureaucracy. On the heels of the famine Poona was stricken by an epidemic of plague. The city was in a panic. Tragically, umteen of the educated, many another(prenominal) of the leading social reformers, fled the city Tilak did not.He offered his work to the government and went through the plague infested districts of the city with the establishment Sanitation Teams. He open up and managed a hospital for plague victims when government facilities proved inadequate. He established a free kitchen, and did everything within his power to soothe the tragic condition of the people. If social reform meant anything, it meant tireless work on behalf of the people in the time of their greatest need. His famine and plague work marked Tilak as the greatest social reformer and national hero of the land. He was acclaimed the Lokmanya, the honoured and respected of the people.The British bureaucracy and the Anglo-Indian press recognised that Tilak was an emerging leader of the people and of a new spirit in India. Those who lacked forebod ing began to fear him. When, in the tense ambiance of famine and plague-racked Poona, a young man assassinated Rand, the British official in charge of plague relief, many of those who feared him were dissolute to blame Tilak for the death, although he had no knowledge of the incident. Nevertheless, he was convicted and sentenced to two years imprisonment. This was not to be Tilaks last imprisonment. For two decades he was persecuted by the British Indian governance because they adage in him the greatest challenge to their rule over the Indian Empire.But Tilak was not an ordinary man who could be cowed down by such threats and persecutions. He remained undaunted throughout. He had fought against injustice, he had argued against the placating policies of the Moderates, and he now began to put forward a positive political programme centred round the concept of Swaraj, self-rule for India. As early as 1895, he had begun to preach the compulsion for Swaraj. He came to realize that se lf-rule must precede meaty social reform, that the only enduring basis for national unity and national self-respect must be national self-rule, In 1895, he had reminded the people that Shivaji had recreated Swaraj as the necessaryfoundation of social and political freedom and progress and morality.His historical and philosophic frame of reference is clearly set out in his writing, One who is a wee bit introduced to history knows what is Swarajya (peoples own government) and Swadharma (peoples own religion), knows the extraordinary qualities that are needed for the founder to establish Swarajya and Swadharma when both of them are in a state of ruin for hundreds of years, knows the valour, courage, guts and brains of Shivaji Maharaj by the dint of which he saved the whole nation from astringent ruin. 13His insistence on Swaraj was completely consistent with his personal, social and political philosophy. He approached all issues as a realist. He had the example of his own Maharashtri an history and the categorical imperative of his nations philosophy. As Aurobindo Ghose has written, To found the greatness of the future on the greatness of the past, to infuse Indian politics with Indian religious flack and spirituality, are the indispensable conditions for a great and powerful political awakening in India. Others, writers, thinkers, spiritual leaders, had seen this truth. Mr. Tilak was the first to bring it into the unquestionable field of realistic politics.14Tilak examined the political problems of his day in the light of the God-given fervency of Indias civilization. And with the urgency of the situation arising out of the partition of Bengal and the need for an effective programme of political action, he joined the aggroup of the internalists and presented a programme and a line of action to the nation.The depicted objectists initiated mass political education in terms understandable to the people. Tilak sounded the quinine water in saying, To spread our dharma in our people is one of the aspects of the national form of our religion, because, in his opinion, Politics cannot be disjointed from religion. Exactly the same opinion was expressed later on by Mahatma Gandhi. The reason for political education and political action was not merely the injustice of foreign rule, not merely the coercive partitioning of Bengal. Self-rule was a moral necessity, the achievement of self-rule was the dharma of all dignified men. As he later wrote in the Gita-rahasya, Theblessed captain had to show the splendor and the necessity of performing at all costs the duties enjoined by ones dharma while life lasts.And, for Tilak and the Nationalists, Swaraj is our dharma. Political action would alone accomplish the national dharma. In order that India solve her own destiny, the first essential, as in the case of the awakening of India, was the call for action, for a new spirit of courage and self-sacrifice. Only a pride in history and the values of Indias own civilization could inspire men to the task ahead. Tilak movingly wrote, To succeed in any business with full continence and determination, does not generally happen in spite of our valour, unless a firm conviction is engendered in our minds, that we are doing good work and God is helping us and that the religious instinct and the blessings of the saints are at our back.15 It was with this firm conviction that Tilak and the Nationalists set out to arouse the nation to political action for the creation of its own destiny.Tilak and the Nationalists presented the nation with a three-fold programme for effective, practical, political action. The three principles were boycott, Swadeshi and national education. Originally, they were intentional for use in Bengal, as the most effective way to bring the British administrators to their senses over the issue of the partition. But it was soon decided, however, that the entire nation could well cooperate with Bengal in following this bivalent programme and thus increase tremendously the pressure on the British. And it was further taught that the great wrong, the significant evil, was not alone that an alien raj had partitioned the province of Bengal, but actually that Bengal was only a symbol, that an alien raj ruled autocratically over the whole nation of India, and that it was to placate this wrong that the programme was to be employed. ostracize ab initio involved the refusal of the people to purchase British-manufactured goods. It was started as a measure designed to bring stinting pressure on the British business interests both in India and ab driveway. If British business could be moved, then the business could be counted on to move the British raj. But soon the boycott presence took on far more significant aspects than merely economic pressure. The Nationalists saw that the whole superstructure of the British Indian administration, thatthe British system of rule over India, was based upon the willin g, or at least unthinking, cooperation of the Indian people. Tilak was one of the first to discern this, and he realise that boycott could be expand to the point of jeopardizing the foundation of the whole British administrative machinery in India.In a speech at Poona, as early as 1902, he urged, You must realize that you are a great factor in the power with which the administration in India is conducted. You are yourselves the useful lubricants which enable the gigantic machinery to work so smoothly. Though downtrodden and neglected, you must be conscious of your power of making the administration impossible if you but subscribe to make it so. It is you who manage the railroad and the telegraph, it is you who make settlements and collect revenues, it is in fact you who do everything for the administration though in a subordinate capacity. You must consider whether you cannot turn your hand to better use for your nation than drudging on in this fashion. ostracise gradually moved from the economic into the political sphere it moved from the arena of Bengal to all-India. ostracise as an all-India political weapon was the first principle of the programme of Tilak and the Nationalist leaders. ostracise fore-shadowed non-cooperation.Swadeshi initially began as a primary feather economic counterpart to the programme of economic boycott. Swadeshi meant self-help, to rely upon Indian-made goods rather than to patronize the sell outlets of the manufactured produce of Birmingham and Manchester. Beginning in Bengal, bonfires of European clothing lit the iniquity sky, and the people turned to local Indian production of Swadeshi goods. Swadeshi was the first great nervous impulse to industrial development in India. topical anesthetic Indian production was given the comment for its natural growth. But like boycott, Swadeshi soon came to mean a great deal more than simple economic self-sufficiency. If there could be self-help in the economic sphere, then there most certainly could be self-help in all spheres of life. The dharma of action had taught self-respect and self-reliance, and Swadeshi extended self-reliance to self-help in all things. Swadeshi was a tangible way in which to demonstrate the new spirit, Tilak and the Nationalists had been teaching the people.The Swadeshi movement quickly became a movement of national regeneration. Swadeshi was a practical application of retire of sylvan. As Tilak said, To recognise the land of the Aryans as mother-earth is the Swadeshi movement. It was an economic, political and spiritual weapon. Swadeshi was Vande Mataram in action.The third element in the triplex programme for effective political action was national education. Tilak had long before realized that the Western education started by Lord Macaulay and pursued in all the Government-supported schools was insalubrious to the future health and well-being of the nation. The younger generations were being educated away from not only their fam ilies and the great majority of the Indian people, but also away from the value system of Indias civilization. Government-supported Western education uprooted the youths from their ties to the past and made them Indians in name only.Hence such a system of Western education was repulsive to Tilak and the Nationalists. They pleaded for the establishment of national schools and colleges throughout the country to provide inexpensive and wholesome education emphasising the new spirit of self-help and self-reliance which young people could not expect to receive in the Government-supported institutions. And national education became an integral part of the jingoistic programme for the India of the ordinal century.This threefold programme of boycott, Swadehsi and national education was presented to the country by Tilak and the Nationalists and was also presented to the Indian National Congress for its approval and adoption. The programme began primarily as an economic weapon but quickly i ts political vastness was realized and became predominant. The impetus behind the programme was initially a reaction to the partitioning of Bengal, but it soon developed an all-India momentum. The first reason for its use was to induce the government to unite Bengal, but it soon became a programme for national reawakening and national liberationSwaraj. Thus, an economic programme became a political programme a locally centred ferment became a national issue the cause of holdfast a specific British policy evolved into the cause of gaining Indias self-determination.Swaraj became the reason and justification for the entire programme and movement led by Tilak and the Nationalists. Tilak realized that Swaraj, the goal of all efforts, was a moral national necessity. He held that the attainment of Swaraj would be a great victory for Indian nationalism. He gave to Indians the mantra Swaraj is the birth-right of Indians (at the Lucknow Congress of 1916). He defined Swaraj as peoples rule instead of that of bureaucracy. This was the essence of Tilaks argument with the social reformers when they sought to have the British Government legislate and enforce social reform measures. Tilak held that unless the people supported the reforms, in effect, unless the people exercised self-rule to legislate and enforce the reforms, the reforms were not only meaningless but also undemocratic and without moral significance.And for pushing his ideal of Swaraj forward, he started Home draw rein Leagues in 1916 with the cooperation of Mrs. Annie Besant, which soon became so popular that the Government had to adopt severe repressive measures. But he went on undeterred with the propaganda of Home regain throughout the country. He think that a bill should be introduced in the British Parliament for Indian Home conventionality, by the good offices of the Labour leaders, although he could not be successful in the attempt. However, the fact that Tilak began his Home Rule agitation in th e year 1916 is an eloquent affirmation to his keen perception of political realities.Tilak contemplated a federal type of political structure under Swaraj. He referred to the example of the American Congress and said that the Government of India should keep in its hands similar powers to exercise them through an im partial derivative council. Although in his speeches and writings Tilak mostly stated that Swaraj did not suggest the negation and severance of ultimate British sovereignty, we have every reason to believe that in his heart of hearts he always wanted complete independence. He once said that there could be no such thing as partial Swaraj. Self-rule under Dharmarajya either existed fully or did not exist at all. Partial Swaraj was a contradiction in terms.Only the Westernized few who could not understand this could talk in such contrary terms, could agree to settle for administrative reforms, could not see that Swaraj is Indias birth-right. Through Swaraj, the basal cha nge in the theory of government, andthrough Swaraj alone, could the destiny of India be fulfilled This is Tilaks real meaning when he wrote, Swaraj is our dharma. in the beginning the people of the nation he set this goal. Next he set about to make it a political reality, to put on the programme to bring about the goal.For the remediate implementation of his programme, Tilak urged the order of non- unpeaceful passive resistance. here(predicate) it must be made clear that many foreign critics regard Tilak as a revolutionary. Chirol, 16 John S. Hoyland17, and several others, think that Tilak believed in armed revolution, that he was responsible for many political murders and that his speeches and articles contained a covert threat of mutiny. But it is not true. Undoubtedly, he supported the action of Shivaji in killing Afzal Khan. He appreciated the heroic and skill of Chafekar, as also the supernationalistic fervour of the Bengal revolutionaries. But, as a martinet he put the highest premium on the purification of intentions. The external action could never be regarded as the criterion of moral worth. Hence if Arjuna or Shivaji or any other ardent patriot did lodge or would commit some violent action, being impelled by high altruistic motives, Tilak would not condemn such persons. But in spite of his metaphysical defence of altruistic rage, Tilak never preached political murder nor did he ever make anybody to commit murder as a political means.A realist in politics though he was, he never taught the omnicompetence of force as Machiavelli or Treitschke did. His reality taught him to act in the political universe in such a way, that his opponents could not take advantage of him. Only by passive resistance and democratic means, he taught, could the united action of the people prove powerful enough to bring about the non-violent revolution that was Swaraj. Boycott and Swadeshi were, in effect, the precursors of the later non-cooperation movement. The passive resistance taught by him and the Nationalists was the precursor to non-violent civil disobedience.Tilak clearly foresaw that violence would be wasteful, and that it would ultimately be ineffectual. Being a realist, he recognised that the military strength of the Government is enormous and a single machinegun showering hundreds of bullets per minute will quite function for our largest public meetings.18 Action must be direct, but, realistically appraising the power of the Government, he urged that it be passive as well. He continuallytaught, As our fight is dismissal to be constitutional and legal, our death also must, as of necessity, be constitutional and legal. We have not to use any violence. 19Thus Tilaks method of action was democratic and constitutional. He had turned on(p) the popular imagination and taught the people the necessity for united action. He had constructed a practical programme for the achievement of his political objective. He had defined for all time the purpose of the Indian movement for self-ruleSwarajand he had begun to develop the techniques that would be used in the popular movement to realize that goal effectively.Tilak left a monumental bequest to the independence movement. Gandhiji and those who came after Tilak could build upon the work and the victories which he had won. In his battles against orthodoxy, lethargy and bureaucracy he was largely successful. The independence movement, largely through his work, had been victorious, over stagnation, the spirit of orthodoxy that was negative, that compartmentalised rather than unified, and that could not rise to accept the challenges of the twentieth century. Tilak freed the nation from lethargy and stagnation, and in awakening the people, inspire them with a promise of awakening India, an India united, strong and capable of action, self-reliant and on the road to victory.1 Kesari, june 1, 1897.2 N. C. Kelkar, Pleasures and Privileges of the Pen, BK. I, p. 121. 3 A. Ghose, The Foundations of Indian Culture, pp. 89.4 S. V. Bapat (ed.), Gleanings from Tilaks belles-lettres and Speeches, p. 346. 5 Kesari, Spt. 19, 1905.6 A. Ghose, The foundations of Indian Culture, p 63.7 Kesari, September 19,1905.8 D. V. Athalye, The liveliness of Lokamanya Tilak, p. 54.9 Kesari, Jan 21, 1904.10 N. C. Kelkar, Landmarks in Lokamanya Life, p. 10.11 B. G. Tilak, His literature and Speeches, p. 277.12 Kesari, January 12, 1896.13 Kesari, July 2, 1895.14 A. Ghose, in Introductory Appreciation to Bal Gangadhar Tilak, His books and Speeches, p. 7. 15 Gleanings from Tilaks Writings and Speeches, p. 121.16 V. Chirol, India, pp. 121-22.17 John S. Hoyland, Gokhale, pp. 24-25.18 B. G. Tilak, His Writings and Speeches, p. 64 and 69.19 Ibid., p. 229-30.Backindependency Day Speech in English EssayA very blessed Independence day to my honorable oral sex Guest, my respectable teachers & parents and all my lovely brothers and sisters. As You all Know Today we have gathered here for celebrating the 68th Independence day of our country. The day when India got freedom against the British Rule after so many years of struggle. On this day we pay testimony to our great freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Sarojini Naidu and many others who sacrificed their lives for the freedom of our country. It is on this day in 1947 that Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru addressed the constituent assembly at the Parliament, delivering his famed, eloquent speech, Tryst with Destiny announcing Indias freedom at midnight. This announcement brought about a rise in spirits all over the country, for India was finally realizing a dream to be a free nation, free from oppression and domination under the British rule. It was a historic day as India finally shook off the shackles of British Rule and became free. It was a night of celebration all over the country.This year in 2014, India will complete 67 years of Independence from the colonial Rule and will keep on its 68th Independence day. This day is started with Flag Hoisting ceremonies, Parades and whole day different types of cultural programs & events are organised in India in schools, colleges and offices. The President and PM of India give messages to the country . After hoisti the National Flag at the Red fort, the PM give a speech on some past achievements, some moral issues of present time and calls for thefurther developments. The PM also salutes and remember to the oblation of the legender patriots of our country in his speech. Despite these the people of India celebrate this day through display the yield at shop, accessories, Car/bicycle and they also watching patriot movies and listening patriot songs and many other things.Every Indians s important duty is that to give full respect the Independence day & National Flag and also understand the wideness of this day. But in this modern age, the peoples are enjoying their life as much that they are not giving so importanc e of this day. We request to that people that at list one time remember to our legender patriot on this day. In this present time in our country there increases a lots of evils issues like Terrorism, Corruption, Women oppression etc All these evils really destroy our culture very badly. We shoul all take pledge to make our country safe and worth living for each and every individual of the society. So, I request all of you to sing with me national anthem Jan-Gan-Man . Vande Mataram. Bharat Mata Ki Jai.Thank you everyone & JAI HIND. project more at http//www.happyindependenceday2014x.com/2014/07/Independence-Day-Speech.htmlsthash.K4Di3xtF.dpufSPEECH FOR independence DAY 13/8/2014A very happy Independence day to my honorable Chief Guest, Head fancy woman and my respectable teachers & parents and all my lovely brothers and sisters As You all Know Today we have gathered here for celebrating the 68th Independence day of our country. The day when India got freedom against the British Ru le after so many years of struggle. On this day we pay tribute to our great freedom fighters like Mahatma Gandhi, Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Sarojini Naidu and many others who sacrificed their lives for the freedom of our country. Today I am going to tell you few language about Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak.Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a man of an bouncing energy and a new vision, was born in Maharashtra in 1856. He is considered to be the Father of Indian UnrestHe was a scholar of Indian history, Sanskrit, mathematics, astronomy and Hinduism With an aim to impart teachings about Indian culture and national ideals to Indias youth, Tilak along with Agarkar and Vishnushstry founded the Deccan Education Society. Soon after that Tilak started two weeklies, Kesari and Marathi to highlight plight of Indians. He also started the celebrations of Ganapati Festival and Shivaji Jayanti to bring people close together and join the nationalist movement against British.In fighting for pe oples cause, twice he was sentenced to imprisonment. He launched Swadeshi Movement and believed that Swaraj is my birth right and I shall have it. This quote inspired millions of Indians to join the freedom struggle. With the goal of Swaraj, he also built Home Rule League. Tilak constantly traveled across the country to inspire and convince people to believe in Swaraj and fight for freedom. He was constantly fighting against injustice and one sad day on August 1, 1920, he died.