An Analysis of the Impact of Internet on Consumer Buying Behaviour Dissertation

An digest of the Impact of Internet on Consumer Buying Behaviour - Dissertation ExampleThe consumer buying process is a complex process and one of the consequential areas of investigation for researchers. A takings of studies have been conducted to teach the consumer buying behaviour. The increasing complexity of consumer buying behaviour is also brought by the online shopping. All theoretical models describing the behaviour of handed-down consumers have gone outdated. Marketers have become more interested in studying the behaviour of consumers infra the modulate of internet. The 4Ps of marketing mix are the major controllable tools to affect the buying behaviour of consumers whereas the elements see by the consumer during virtual interaction are the controllable factors in the case of web consumers thereby, indicating that traditional and online marketers drop different tools to influence the buying behaviour of consumers. Although a significant work has been done to study the factors which influence the consumer buying behaviour however, most of these studies give more focus on the factors that influence the behaviour preferably than studying the impact of the factors on buying behaviour. The product information, the time they spent on internet and the number of daily emails, are the top factors influencing the consumer buying behaviour on the internet.... The product information, the time they spent on internet and the number of daily emails, are the top factors influencing the consumer buying behaviour on the internet (Bellman, Lohse & Johnson, 1999). On the other hand, some studies have ended up with the findings that web consumers and traditional consumers are becoming akin in their buying behaviour. The web consumers are becoming more like the traditional consumers, at least in the United States therefore, companies should create web designs for an audience that is less educated, less web know-how, less applied science know-how and earning l ess (Lohse & Johnson, 1999). A few studies have identified some important factors that can be evaluated to study the impact of internet on consumer buying behaviour. The black box model of Kotler in consumer buying behaviour describes that the external factors including the marketing mix and demographics, economic, situational, social and lifestyle factors and buyers mind such as his beliefs, values and decision making process are the determinants of purchase decision (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010, pp. 161). Actually Kotler has provided two right of factors including the external factors and the internal factors which may influence the buyer behaviour. This model gives an idea that knowing the characteristics of vendors and buyers are important to study the consumer purchase decision for example, product information and pricing are the controllable factors of vendors and personal reputation of buyer like his/her beliefs, social nature etc are the controllable factors of buyers. The pe rceived dependability of the online vendors and less misgiving involved in online buying increase the likelihood of online purchase (Teo & Yu, 2005). The level of trust and

Numerical analysis Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Numerical analysis - maths Problem ExampleThis method of numeric integration keeps solutions in the form of resultant solutions.The equation given over in the task was work by Mathcad program using program module which allows to solve differential equations with fixed step F = rkfixed(Z0, t0, tk, N, f). The result of the solution of this equation in mathcad is the followingIn say to evaluate these results we can solve the same equation using conventional means. As its shown this equation is solved by the method of variables separation. After finding the function we should plug the set of t into this function and find its values for all values of t on the interval 0,1. As we can see the results of numerical solution of Runge Kutta method are very close to the real results of this function.Using error evaluation methodAbsolute value (real value of function- approximated value)/ real value of function) we will get the following resultsReal values00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9111.0 050131.0202011.0460281.0832871.1331481.1972171.2776211.3771281.4993031.648721Errors01.25E-050.0001972.66E-050.0002650.0001310.0001820.00039.28E-050.0002020.00017As we can see the results are very accepted as error is less than 0.001% for all values

Artistic response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artistic response - Essay ExampleMost people plead that the most important thing it to finish school. However, focusing on the work of George Wood, he shares the view that the part of an educational experience is very important. Furthermore, he also emphasizes on the significance interactive along with fond learning processes.In other words, the book Time to Learn How to Create High Schools that Serve all(prenominal) People by George Wood puts violence on the mode of learning. In the 1900, high school was disposed towards vocational preparation in contrast to a commitment to a civic mission. The school puts emphasis on memorization as well recitation feeding the students with a steady supply of flog and drill. The high schools also focused on setting high standards and high test scores as measure of education. To that effect, Wood argues that improving a learning institution does not only involve having to offer the test core, but also entails coming up with a school where au thentic learning as well as statement happens. Wood coordinated an effort by the faculty, parents, and staff to transform a school that was struggling into a symbol of educational that was recognized nationally.Considering that most high schools curriculum and teaching practices are not modeled to the individual needs of the students, the students often do not acquire the necessitate skills and knowledge. Failed high school grades mean that the countrys labor sector would be affected negatively since the students would not have required skills in the job market. Consequently, change is required in order to nurture student and overall school performance by altering the daily student experience to go steady that the students are linked to the social and academic agenda of the school. In that perspective, the book is more than a legend of one school. Wood makes use of the Federal Hocking High Schools change as a case study for the comprehension of the ways of high-quality high sch ool

Poetic Understatement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poetic Understatement - Essay typesetters caseIn crafting 99 things to do before you die, Nila northSun selects a title that draws the readers attention with the promise of erudition about those things that are imperative to accomplishing fulfillment in life. The poem references a list published in Cosmo mag of 99 things to do before you die, and goes on to explain how the magazine targeted a special(prenominal) audiencerich people (northern). The poem lists several of the production line items included in the cosmo list including diving make a yacht in the Aegean, going to Monaco for the Grand Prix, and buying around the world air ticket (northern). However, the designing of the poem is less about how to live a fulfilling life than it is about the socio-economic and cultural disparities that exist crossways regions and ethnic groups within the United States of America.The author spread abroads this disparity directly as well as indirectly. The question, so whats a poor India n to do? is a direct way of indicating that the Indian whitethorn not be in a financial situation to accomplish the goals listed by Cosmo. northSun indicates that many of the line items on the Cosmo list are things only rich people could do (northern). The cosmo mag list appears to deal that readers will have access to a certain level of wealth. The magazine ignores the fact that many may never be able to pursue the activities described due to financial constraints. northern highlights this point in the statement, we certainly know you dont have to be rich before you die, indicating that many are born poor and die never having had a change in financial status.To communicate disparity indirectly, northSun creates a list deemed more culturally relevant (northern).

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The buying process)2 Assignment

Marketing Planning and outline (The buying process)2 - Assignment ExampleAs a result programmers and computer engineers bear strived continually to baring solutions to this. Anti-viruses have been produced over the years to deal with the different malware that arise. These anti-viruses, which can be acquired online, help in fight malware and shielding computers from further entry and attack from them. This papers aims at discussing the online purchase process that can be used in purchasing antivirus.With the increased cases of cyber threats, many computer users are compelled to take preventive measures to intensify security of their data. There are a number of antiviruses that are always available for purchase online. The antiviruses have varying characteristics which depends on the specific type of dodge protection that a business organization is interested in (Sabri, Gupta, & Beitler, 2007).Computers user intending to purchase antiviruses online have to identify the differen t types and their potential benefits. The Norton anti-virus is one such product. It was actual by the American corporation known as Symantec that identified the continuous need to protect computers and former(a) devices from attacks from malware attacks. The antivirus uses signatures and heuristics to identify the type of virus in invasion (Mezgar, 2006). They provide internet security, phishing protection and email e-mail filtering. The product is well known in the computer market and is highly recommended for cases where the windows operating system is world used. This makes it very popular because of the fact those windows operating system is currently the most popular operating system (Mansour, 2013).The Bit-defender, a Romanian developed anti-virus is another antivirus that is common in the market. It ranks higher than Norton in terms of functionalities and effectiveness. Its tract comes with the antivirus, anti-spyware, email-spam filtering, a firewall, backup,

The Role Of Playing for Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Role Of Playing for Children - Essay Example in that location were 15 guys and we all had to have one game plan rather than each of us absentminded different things. Although we were young and didnt want to follow orders from one person we knew that it was the right thing to do.We had a leader and knew that respecting him was important to our success as a group. If we each chose our own path and didnt get word to our coach we would fail and therefore let down a group of 14 guys who all listened to the coach. We didnt always agree with our coach or think he was making the best decisions but we had to corporate trust that he knew what he was doing and making the best decisions for our team. There was no room for joking around when we were practicing and this taught us to be mature and serious when we had goals to accomplish.We also believed in each other and our potential if we practiced inviolable and went over plays until they seemed to run as smoothly as possible. We put in e xtra time later dark to make sure that when we played in the big game Friday night we wouldnt plenitude up that play. Down the road, in a work environment, there testament be a old geezer who wants you to be a team player and be willing to put in the extra time, average like that football team.Just from playing football in high school there was a value instilled in me to play a team and know who leads and to respect that person. You cannot always take armorial bearing and run everything but in time if you do a good job in your military post you have the opportunity to move up into higher positions. I fully believe that having kids in sports will help them to succeed later in life.Prompt 2 There is obviously debate on whether children receive better care if their parents work during the day or not and how this attention or escape of attention changes the child. A child may react in different ways to getting much attention and may get to be more involved with their parents st aying at home with them.

Twelve Minor Prophets - An Overview Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Twelve Minor Prophets - An Overview - Assignment ExampleHe tells about Babylonia, Persia, Greece, and Rome --- the quatern kingdoms that would rule over the Jews. It also says here that the future of the nation would be filled with hardships if they continue to patch up short in their obedience to Gods commandments. Joel is also known for his account of the final congregation of the exiles at the time of the last redemption.Amos. Amos prophecy is mainly directed at the Ten Tribes --- who were eventually bemused due to their actions. Amos also says that the Jews have a significant mission in the world, and are given gigantic power to accomplish this task. With these, he gives warnings to all those in the northern and southern kingdoms of Jerusalem. Amos informs them that a greater punishment, compared to others, awaits the Jews if they do not do their job. The bigger they are the harder they fall.Obadiah. Obadiah supports 100 prophets during the dreadful reign of King Ahab and h ides them to safety. He is also famous for his prophecy that is directed at the Jews neighbouring nation of Edom. Per Obadiah, these people are also fated to be brought to justice to all their deeds. The Roman Empire is usually associated with Edom.Jonah (Yonah). He is intimately probably the most well-known of all the minor prophets. Jonahs book is read in the synagogues on the afternoon of the Yom Kippur war in 1973. Jonah is ordered by God to go to Nineveh, a city set in modern northern Iraq, near the Turkish border. He is to convince the non-Jews to turn away from their ways and repent to God. Jonah tries to vacate the mission that almost costs him his life. He is afraid that the people of Nineveh would even off attention to his reproach and do better, which would definitely create a bad image of the Jews. Jonah tries to avoid the mission by riding on a boat going in the opposite direction. He deals with a violent storm that makes him throw himself overboard to save the ot her people on the boat. erstwhile in the waters, he is swallowed by a fish, is spat out, then swallowed again by another.

Engaging Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Engaging - Term Paper ExampleEvery one of us has free fourth dimension which we could donate to a Children Hospital ward. The kids to whom we read simple stories and/or expectant mothers whom we advised not to getting even the drugs that the doctors prescribed to them since they would give birth to children suffering from Neonatal abstience Syndrome may have not shown gratitude, but individually boon we gave strengthened the pillars of the world. Even if the expectant mothers did not thank us for our deliver, the gift we gave them is upholding the foundation of the universe. Whereas our gift and the beneficiaries should be considered, our reward, once decided on, should be without concern, brimful one minute and over and done the next. Hence, our function was to dispense almsgiving rather than philanthropy (Timothy 1-25)We live in a world in which, in effect, children at the children hospital ward and/or mothers at the children hospital ward need more charity or the moral equiv alent of it are ubiquitous, and thank to the existence of system of organizational aid already in place, we are for all judgment of conviction in the position of being better placed to make to save some of the many individuals whose lives are at s pee. The rationale that we hold on to that we are divinatory to donate our few hours or minutes to a children hospital ward, though through, generalizes and becomes a standard of beneficence that could be called the principle of sacrifice. However, moral limitation of a deontological of variety might restrict the ethical demands of beneficence. For instance, when we donated our time by visiting the children hospital and helping out the expectant mothers by giving them the advice that they should not take the drugs prescribed to them we had confined ourselves to circumstances in which whatever ethical restriction there are did not have a bearing on our circumstance. But the concern was how we were going to use resources we legitimately

Financial statements ratio analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Financial statements dimension analysis - judge ExampleThe company has a relatively high turnover of more(prenominal) than 1. A proportion of more than one means the net sales are more than the total fixed assets. This means that one dollar of fixed asset invested generates more than on dollar of sales. However, this ability decreased across the period. latest ratio highlights the capability of a company to jibe its current obligations as they become due. A ratio of less than one as in the case of the company implies that the company has more obligations than the assets hence cannot meet them. In 2013 the ability change magnitude but still does not satisfy all the obligations.Debt to total assets ratio shows the portion of the companys financing provided by the creditors that is it measures a companys financial leverage. From the deliberateness above the company has more assets than liabilities hence it is less risky since it has a ratio of reason out to 0.5 implying that it has liabilities of close to 50% of its total assets. Across the period the percentage increased from 56% to 63% meaning it increased its liabilities.Return on equity illustrates the companys ability to generate profit or reaping from its shareholders investments. It therefore shows how efficient a company uses the shareholder money. From the ratio above the company is a hour efficient in using the shareholders money but the efficiency decreased in 2013 from 36% to 28%.With regards to the profit margin, the companys ability to convert sales into profit is refuse than that of the attention. Accounts receivable turnover shows that the number of times a company collects its receivables is lower than that of the company. Further, its fixed asset turnover is also lower than that of the industry implying that it uses its fixed assets less effectively. The company also has a lower current ratio than the industry thus it has more liabilities in relation to its assets than the

Introduction to international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to international traffic - Essay ExampleNeo-classical realism is a combination of both classical and neo realism that accepts both system level and kingdom level natures. Liberalism is a state level surmise that believes in the goodness of society. It argues that states pass judgment to create peace and cooperation. The last theory is constructivism that claims that the fence behind a particular state behavior is the unique features of the state. Admittedly, in run to render the America-Vietnam relation, a mere state level theory will be gravely insufficient. The best way to understand the U.S- Vietnam relation throughout the history is to analyze it in the light of a system level theory as the relation was, and is, largely shaped by the international power equations, not because of the special features existed in the nature of America or Vietnam. In addition, neither America nor Vietnam showed even the slightest hint of benevolence, thus proving the slowness o f constructivism. Thus, the theory that elicit best explain the relation is neo-realism, and a little bit of force can make classical realism too fit for explaining the relations, though inadequate. The tenets of neo-realism Neo-realism is a system level theory and it does not take the individual character of states into consideration. According to neo-realism, the reactions of the states are the results of fluctuations in the international system. As thither is no international government that controls the actions of governments, there is total anarchy in the international sphere that makes states unendingly vulnerable to the atrocities by others. Thus, states are always in the effort to gain power in order to protect themselves. However, a rise in power and influence results in more than rivalry and more unrest. In this international arena, states have no way other than either defending themselves or attack their rivals first. A look into history will prove that the American-Vi etnam relation was mainly the result of the power movements in the international sphere which was mainly bipolar in nature. The America-Vietnam Relation A look into history proves that the American-Vietnam relation can be better understood in the light of neo-realist perspective. The neo-realism, similar to classical realism, argues that all states try to amass power, and that while seeking to increase their own power, they seek to reduce the power of their enemies too. In addition, it is argued in the theory that such states consider other states with power as their enemies. When there is equality of power, peace exists as the players are equal in resources. According neo-realism, the nature of the international system gives birth to power struggles among nations. As Glenn, Howlett, and Poore (2004, 22) state, since there is no world government that controls the movements of national governments, there is total anarchy, and the governments do everything they can to hang in secure hence, when there is a perceived threat to their sovereignty, states either attack first hand or defend themselves using any possible means they have access to. Admittedly, a look into the America-Vietnam relations will prove that the American intervention in Vietnam was the result of the international power relations that existed at that time, and at that point of time, US had no other option other than the military action. Admittedly, the American liaison in the Far East is as old as the National

Line Managers and HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

seam Managers and HRM - Essay ExampleRetailco at the same clipping is also not interested in spend much into the part timers as the major advantage of hiring the part time workers is the cost saving as compared to the full time workers.An separate problem with the part time workers is that the part time workers take hold other commitments too. The turnover of part time workers is high as they have less loyalty and less stick with the organization working in. On the other hand, the full time work force is expensive to bring home the bacon and maintain. The part time workers are only paid for their services whereas the full time workers also stupefy a hefty benefits package alongwith their basic salary.From the perspective of recruitment of part time workers as impertinent to full time employees, the part time workers have to be hired more frequently. Store managers have substantial responsibility in damage of management and human resource activities. These managers are respons ible for local HR activities including, but not restricted to, recruitment and selection, on-the-job training, staff scheduling and performance management.The workforce majority being the part time workers pose a difficulty for the store managers to manage their time to conduct such additional tasks which do not directly contribute to their performance. Store managers have behave cost targets and budgets constraints within which they have to remain. They believe that hiring full time workers costs more in terms of overtime rate, for example, and thus they would run out of their budget limits if they hire full time workers. Thus they favour hiring part time workers over full time employees. Another problem arising as a upshot of such a budget based recruitment practice is that the recruitment is

Discuss the extent to which an understanding of marketing would be of Essay

Discuss the extent to which an understanding of trade would be of use to organisations other than businesses - Essay ExampleIn as much as dissemination plays a significant role in ensuring that marketing is successful, the event of developing and effecting a promotional schema is normally worthwhile as it ensures that organizations realize the objectives that they laid out when introducing the product or service of have-to doe with (Cohen 2012, pg. 36). Over and above, marketing plays a decisive role in making sure that organizations remain applicable in the market for a considerable duration. As a matter of feature, global brands such as Apple, Samsung and Coca-Cola take marketing very seriously and customarily allocate a substantial portion of their reckon to handle marketing issues. This essay aims to provide more insight into the aspect of marketing, putting special vehemence on understanding the nature of marketing as well as the role that it plays in every organization. Similarly, the essay analyzes how marketing operates within a business and outlines the steps that an organization can embrace in order to influence the judgments of a number of customers.The nature of marketing is such that customer focus is central, and activities habitually revolve around the customer. The primary aim of those who are involved in marketing is to ascertain that the involve and desires of the buyer are met. To this effect therefore, marketers can be forced to raise the cost of going closely the marketing exercise, just to certify that the goals and ideas of the organization are realized (Evans et.al 2009, pg. 80). Marketing can hence be regarded as harbouring a dual objective as it ensures that the customer is satisfied and the organization registers positive returns. The fact that marketing certifies that the standard of life within the society is maintained portrays it as a social process. This because it takes into amity the changing needs and wants of the c ommunity, puts in place an effective provision and payment

The Rocking-Horse Winner by D. H. Lawrence Research Paper

The Rocking-Horse Winner by D. H. Lawrence - Research Paper ExampleThe author addresses different genial features in the form of themes. Among the most evident themes in the story are impoverishment, cohesions in the family institution and death among more others. By addressing such, the author provides a relative portrayal of the early English society from his point of pull in (Barrett, Thomas and Lawrence 121). Art is a cultural product that provides a relative representation of the society. The relativity of guile arises from the angles of adoptions preferred by the artists. As an artist, D. H. Lawrence seeks to portray the early English society. He investigates the social structure of the beat thus writes a story that typifies specific social features that he believes are of relevance to the people. Poverty for manikin has remained a major factor in most societies as people strive to obtain a living through their merger earnings. The author thus uses an imaginary family an d imaginary characters to depict the effects of call for on family relations. The story centers on the life of a middle class early English charr who believed she had no luck. Her husband strives to make a living out of arts but his endeavors do not pay off thus compelling the family to live miserably in poverty. Poverty is a give tongue to of deprival as people fail to afford a decent living. The same is the case with the family that struggles with the need to mother the charwomans high profile life since she is an extravagant spender. In an attempt to help his family, her discussion takes to gambling and realizes that he is lucky as she predicts the winning horse in the local rocking competition. He even so practice hard on his rocking horse thus acquires an infection and dies at the end of the story. The mother does not change her lifestyle and even as the boy dies the family makes a hefty eighty thousand pounds that the woman spends extravagantly (Lawrence 31). The autho r centers the story on fundamental social features and institutions that countersink the nature of life in societies. in doing this, the author understands the need to achieve some relevance with his audience and therefore uses familiar social features which help earn the story the very much desired relevance. Such activities as horse rocking were common in the early European culture and therefore relevant to the society. The same is attributable to such features as the family institution, poverty and even death. The relationship among the members of the family is an equally important determinant of the peace and stability in the family. The author analyses the need for peace and recognize in a family by portraying the nature of the family in the story. The woman, Hester does not love her son Paul who on the other hand loves his mother and therefore strives to support the family. The lack of motherly love compels the boy to hide some secrets from the mother. He takes to gambling secretly and only tells his father much later when he realizes that the family situation is overwhelming the old man. Another important determinant of the relevance of the entertain among its diverse audience group is the use of language. The language an author uses to develop a story helps define an audience for the story thus earing their acknowledgement of the work. Additionally, the language among other literary features helps portray the authors professionalism and ability to evanesce to the specific target audience. Lawrences story targets a general readership. This implies that the story

Creation vs. Evolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Creation vs. organic evolution - Essay ExampleHis investigation techniques entailed interviewing adept scholars who possessed extensive knowledge on creationism and evolutionism. Strobel outlines his arguments in a systematic way, easy to critic, understand and draw valid conclusions. However, relying solely on the arguments presented in Lee Strobels lit timel pieces limits ones understanding of the creationism vs. evolutionism argument. Therefore, discussed in this paper is a review of the philosophical foundations for both arguments and their impact on peoples understanding of earths origin (Moore 203). Arguments for the existence of God surfaced in the era of philosophers who lived in a period where logic and reasoning proved crucial to understanding and explaining the sinkrence or existence of contrary phenomena. Majority of these philosophers beliefs, values and moral principles had their basis in religion, which revolved around the acquaint of the existence of an all-powerf ul, good God. An oerview of the pre-historic philosophers indicates that each group believed in a superior element that had control over the functioning of all some other elements. It is presumable that their choice of superior elements such as fire, water, and air functioned as a symbolic reference to a supreme deity that controlled the functioning of other aspects such as sustaining life on earth. Through dogmatic indoctrination, individuals beliefs and knowledge concerning their origin and that of the earth centered on God. Moreover, acquisition was still a relatively new discipline characterized with continuously surfacing schools of thought that advanced different theories in their attempt to explain existing phenomena. As a result, both philosophers and the individuals who relied on their teachings found themselves include the creation account detailed in the Bible as an explanation to earths and other organisms origin. Genesis provides a chronological order of the worlds c reation by an all-powerful, omniscient being (God). The zeitgeist of the philosophers era played a significant role in predisposing individuals to believe in creationism (Ross 166). The previously held presumptions soon changed with the advancement of Charles Darwins evolution theory. Darwin take a firm stand that evolution guided the transformation of systems from aboveboard forms to complex forms by undergoing mechanistic processes such as natural selection and mutation (Bowden 115). According to Darwin, the microevolution changes that occur to form complex structures are random and are not pre-designed by a supernatural force. Darwin asserted that these changes result from the innate need to survive, which causes organisms to adapt to their changing environment or risk facing impending death that might result in the species extinction. Darwins evolution theory gained acceptance among many during the scientific era where people re salmagundied to using empirical methods to test hypothesized theories. It is important to note that the scientific era sort to discredit religious explanations with regard to various phenomena (Bowden 116). The scientific era saw people critiquing issues using identical subject matter for example, the principle of non-contradiction was used to refute the existence of God. The non-contradiction principle states that a statement cannot be true and false at the same time. In relation to the existence of

How much data should companies have Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How ofttimes information should companies have - Essay ExampleThe essay How much data should companies have? talks about the data that is needed in line of products organizations. The paper in addition analyses what type of data is more useful and if the size of stored data is nearlything you should worry about.Most of the internal data of a business organization is credible in that it has been derived from the past experiences in running and managing various business activities. Therefore the data is credible. This data irrespective of the volume and imperfections that may be present is a of import asset from the perspective of the insights it can provide in the running and managing of several business activities. The imperfections do not matter much as in business intelligence applications the focus is on reading patterns and signs in the available data, and so the data does not have to be precise as may be required in the case of accounting or auditing.Let us take the case o f redress companies. Several years of data with regards to policies, claims, premium bill payments, agent/producer sales, and so on argon available with the insurance company. This may be considered as too much data by some companies. Yet, irrespective of the volume of the data, intelligent use of the data will help the company to be develop at precision pricing, customer retention, claims fraud detection, product cross-selling and similar activities to overcome competition and prosper in a competitive environment. Therefore, it is not too much data that is need be the worry of the organization.

Dubliners is essentially a collection Essay Example for Free

Dubliners is essentially a collection EssayJames Augustine Aloysius Joyce was a writer and a poet, born on February 2nd 1882. He is widely considered as one of the well-nigh powerful writers of the 20th century. James lived in Dublin and was the eldest of a family of ten. James father and mother were apply Irish Catholics. His father, John was known for sp nullifying large sums of money and drinking a lot of alcohol. This do it difficult for the Joyce family to retain social standings. James expressed his difficult childhood in his writing. E. g. In the bilgewater of Eveline, Eveline has to deal with a drunken father and quick on little income.James went to Clongowes School in 1888, which was a Jesuit institution. He then went on to Belvedere College where he decided to enter the priesthood, which joyful his religious p arents. After ticktackting in contact with members of the Irish Literary Renaissance, he became bored with the idea. curtly he became critical of Irela nd and its religion. In 1902, Joyce decided to leave Ireland and pursue a medical career in France. Joyce did not return to Ireland until the death of his mother. James then in like mannerk up residence in Paris, where he began to write.In 1905, Joyce produced his archetypical book, Dubliners, but it was not published until 1913. During this time, he met an Irish char called Nora Barnacle. They did not marry, but had twain children. All in all Joyce wrote a total of four books, A portrait of an Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses, Finnegans Wake and of course Dubliners. James Joyce died from a stomach ulcer aged 58 in 1941. After Joyces death, people became interested in his work. Even today, Ulysses stands as the distinctive text of the Anglo-American modernist transaction marking Joyces creative genius and premier abilities as a stylist of the English language.I think of that the statement Dubliners is essentially a collection of tales depicting trapped characters, forbid ambiti ons and wasted opportunities is accurate, but I also think that there is a lot more that contributes to make up Dubliners. There are eight of import themes in this novel. The introductory and foremost theme is the stages of animateness. Joyce writes the eight tales that make up Dubliners in order of age. He begins with younger characters and continues with tales based on gradually white-haireder protagonists. The next theme involves exiguity and class difference.The author sees mostly only the negative part of Dublin and its people. A lot of the characters in the tales are lower or middle class. Another theme is alcoholism. Joyce merges alcoholism with thwarted ambitions. Irish administration and colonisation is a recurring topic. Ivy in the Committee Room is a tale in Dubliners that is nearly completely committed to this theme. The fourth theme is longing for escape (or trapped characters). The author was haunt with the liberating feeling of fleeing Ireland and he applies this obsession to many of the characters in Dubliners.Another subject is bruise, imprisonment and paralysis. Due to Dublins thwarted status, Joyce makes it clear that many of the characters feel trapped and are not able to leave Ireland. This theme is close related to Isolation. Many characters are lonely and a lot of miscommunication occurs. Death or Mortality is the last theme in Dubliners. It is a natural theme of Joyces life structure. All eight of Joyces tales that make up the novel are packed full of these themes. I have chosen to analyse An Encounter, Araby, Eveline and The Dead. An Encounter is closely devil young boys who long for escape from school life.They play hooky and wonder around virtually of Dublins poorer areas, finally across a very strange man, who my have some dark intensions. One of the main themes this tale is longing to escape. The boys play cowboys and Indians that is a symbol that they want to leave the tiny world of Dublin. The story starts with talk about the American frontier, which is a symbol for freedom and adventure. The boys walk around the poorer areas of Dublin, which addresses p all overty. The main characters in this tale are in their boyhood, which means that they are too young to leave Ireland.They plan to establish the pigeon house as a final destination, but due to their tired legs, they forget the idea. This becomes a thwarted ambition. Isolation and miscommunication is a reoccurring theme in An Encounter. When the boys meet the strange man, they do not recognise the hazard of him. Araby is a short story about a boy from a poor family, who hopes to win over a female childs affection by buying her a gift from a bazaar. When he goes to the bazaar, he finds nobody but frustration because they are about to close. The main themes that the story explores are defeat, alcoholism, closing off and paralysis.As the boy waits his uncles return from the pub, so that he can go to the bazaar, the reader feels fear of defeat building. There are lots of hurdles the boy has to overcome to get to the bazaar before closing time. His fear of defeat and isolation increases even more when he finds that many of the items are too expensive (this highlights poverty). Paralysis is snarl when he has no idea what is going to become of his relationship with the girl. The difficulty at the bazaar is a symbol of the difficulty there is in the adult world, in which the boy cannot navigate.This story is mistakable to the stain in Joyces life when he had just begun to establish his life as an adult, coping with fear of poverty, isolation and longing to escape. Eveline is a story about a nineteen-year-old girl. The main character Eveline, escape is through a sailor called Frank, who offers her a new life in Buenos Aires. At the end of the tale she is too panicky to leave Dublin. Like An Encounter, Eveline focuses on the theme of escape. While the young boys in the previous stories are two young to leave Ireland or esc ape from their poverty, Eveline is old enough and has been given a chance to leave.Though, in the end she does not take it. Poverty is an important theme in Eveline. Joyce describes in great lucubrate the terrible poverty and the pressure of Evelines situation. Isolation appears Eveline is a lonely character. She looks after her father who abuses her. She dedicates her whole life to looking after her family yet she has no one to talk to or express her feelings with. This results in her reputation being trapped and controlled by others. Paralysis is a main theme in this story. At the end Eveline finds herself unable to move forward.She does not have the strength to leave her oppressive situation and leave Ireland for good. You get the feeling that half of Eveline wants to leave but the other will not leave her family. She will plausibly have a dismal future that may end in the same fate as her mother (death). This is a wasted fortune. The Dead is the last story in the novel. It i s about a pass season dance where Aunt Julia and Aunt Kate entertain a wide range of guests. Among them is their nephew Gabriel, who makes a talk honouring his aunts. Later that night, Gabriel finds himself swept away with passion for his wife Gretta.However, when they return to their hotel room, he finds that she is thinking about her first love, Michael Furey who died for her. Many themes are touched on in The Dead. At the dinner party, you see a paint a picture of poverty in the character of Lily, whose family is poor. The reader sees political divisions in Ireland in the conversation between Gabriel and dribble Ivors. There is also criticism of the church Aunt Kate speaks about the discrimination of the pope to exclude woman from church choirs. Difference in class appears when Gabriel thinks that his speech may be too cast for his audience.Irish politics comes up again in the tale. Miss Ivors accuses Gabriel of being disloyal to Ireland. The theme of isolation and miscommuni cation comes most strongly after the party, when Gabriel spends the whole journey thinking about some of the good times he had with his wife. Gretta is thinking near the exact opposite. She is thinking of the love that she had with Michael Furey in her girlhood. The result, after Gretta telling Gabriel about her first lover, is Gabriel admitting to himself that he had never felt so strong for a woman, that her would die for her, as Michael Furey did.One of the paint themes in The Dead is mortality (beginning with the title). The story is set in winter, which is the season of death. The old aunts in their old house symbolises death not being far away. Gabriel thinks that he will be back at the house soon for the aunts funerals. The major part of mortality is the death of Grettas first love. The separation of the dead becomes a separation for the living. Joyce joins the themes of mortality and isolation together. Gabriel feels like he is already dead although he is just living in iso lation.I strongly agree that Dubliners is a collection of tales with trapped characters, thwarted ambitions and wasted opportunities. In the stories that I have discussed, I have attempted to highlight these areas. In each of the stories however, I do feel that Eveline reflects these themes most strongly. The main character in Eveline seems trapped because of her familys dependency on her. She harbours ambitions of going to genus Argentina and wastes the opportunities of love, wealth, happiness and a new beginning. In Araby, the main character appears trapped due to poverty.He is too young to do anything about this. The main characters ambition is to buy a gift for a girl that he is fond of. He wastes an opportunity to build a relationship with the girl. An Encounter has a similar theme with trapped characters with that the characters are trapped by youth. The boys did not reach their ambition to get to the pigeon house. The boys had an opportunity to get away from the strange old m an but they wasted it. In The Dead, there is vehemence on wasted opportunities, the main one being Michael Furey dying for Gretta and characters approaching death.

Inclusive Education Essay Example for Free

Inclusive Education EssayThe word I have elect for review is What Matters Most in Inclusive Education A interoperable Guide for Moving forwards, published in the Intervention in School and Clinic Journal. As the title of the article suggests, what is more outstanding where comprehensive grooming is concerned? This topic is illustrated in the article through the authors own experiences and research. More specifically, the authors pit that the concept of cellular inclusion body body implies a sense of belonging and acceptance.The topic of this article is promoting inclusion of children with disabilities into the proper environment. The authors utter the physical placement of students with disabilities in general education classes is often overemphasized, while other aspects of developing inclusive environments ar neglected (Voltz, Brazil, Ford, 2001, p. 24). This sets the context for the more specific research problem.The authors land although it is not generally sem iconductive to inclusive environments to create separate spaces designated for finical education, it is secondful to maintain physical spaces that pot be use by any group of students or teachers on an as is basis(Voltz et al., 2001, p. 24). The authors go on to blood that, by providing for flexibility in student groupings, without designating physical spaces for spare education, the overall academic, affective, and social goals of inclusion can be met(Voltz et al., 2001, p. 24-25).The authors did not note a specific research question or hypothesis, but they do address the overall context for their qualitative study. They state that the intent of this article is to highlight for general and special education practitioners the fine elements of inclusive education and to provide practical suggestions for how to promote these elements in general education classrooms (Voltz et al., 2001, p. 24).After reviewing the literature, the authors state that, in order to make inclusive edu cation work, attention must be given to the physical environment of the classroom, the instructional strategies employed, the classroom management techniques used, and the educational collaboration that occurs among faculty(Voltz et al., 2001, p. 25). The authors began their article with a review of the movement of maximizing the participation of special education students into general educationclassrooms.The critical elements of inclusion discussed by the authors are Active, meaningful participation in the mainstream, sense of belonging, and shared ownership among faculty. following the authors discuss supporting the critical elements of inclusion. In this section of the article the authors discuss instructional strategies to make inclusion work in the classroom.The authors state in order for students with disabilities to participate meaningfully in inclusive classrooms and detect a sense of belonging, special attention must be given to differentiating what is taught, as well as how it is taught(Voltz et al., 2001, p. 25). The authors also discuss the classroom climate. The authors note that one of the most critical elements of successful inclusive classrooms is a facilitating social/emotional climate in which students and teachers feel safe, valued, and accepted(Voltz et al., 2001, p. 26).The last topic that the authors discussed was educational collaboration. The authors state that in order to facilitate the inclusion of students with disabilities, it is critical that general and special education teachers routinely work to engage in collaborative problem solving around issues that may emerge in the inclusion process(Voltz et al., 2001, p. 29). The authors conclude their study provides important study that can assist educators to move forward with divers(a) learners.The authors argue that inclusion is not just about placing children with disabilities into general education classrooms. Children that are in special education also need to be placed into the proper environment. While this article has provided detailed information about how to promote an environment suitable for special education children, it lacks information specific to the affects of inclusion on children without disabilities.The authors assert that their study can help educators refine educational environments to embrace special education learners. The bible, which is beau ideal word revealed, provides educators with a framework for teaching. Educators who teach using Gods framework will embrace diverse learners. In conclusion, the title of the article suggested, what is more important where inclusive education is concerned? The authors noted that the concept of inclusion implies a sense of belonging and acceptance.The article provided a review of the movement of maximizing the participation of special education students into general education classrooms. The authors argued that inclusion is not just about placing children with disabilitiesinto general education classrooms. Children that are in special education also need to be placed into the proper environment. The authors provided information to help educators with inclusion of special education into general classrooms. ReferencesVoltz, D. L., Brazil, N., Ford, A. (2001, September). What Matters Most in Inclusive Education A Practical Guide for Moving Forward. Intervention in School and Clinic, 37(1), 23-30. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/211752403?accountid=12085

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Genetically special Food EssayGenetically modified (GM) regimens atomic number 18 ethically unacceptable. GM dig upnders argon food increase derived in whole or part from a genetically modified organism by gracious intention. It is a special set of technologies that head aches the alteration, deletion, or addition of the genetic makeup of living organisms such(prenominal) as animals, plants, or bacteria.This is an important issue beca map GM foods guide been dubbed as the Food of the Future and although studies have picturen that genetically modified foods may bring about galore(postnominal) benefits to mankind, we mustiness overly look into the ethical issues entangled in producing such food before we even consider accepting it as the way of the future. First, we must understand that the word ethical is defined as having to do with ethics or morality or of con ruleing to moral standards.There will be 3 parts to this essay. Firstly, I will be presenting and defendi ng 2 disceptations that support my stand. Following that, Ill take into consideration some common objections against my thesis. Lastly, I will summarize the main points in this essay before drawing to a conclusion. The essays argument takes the form of Modus P matchlessns If GM is X, GM is wrongGM is X GM is unethicalMy main argument is that it is unethical to tamper with nature by mixing genes among the different species. By doing so, it may actually lead to a violation of natural organisms intrinsic values. There is a very delicate chemical equilibrium that links this valet together and this is the balance that makes things work. GM foods might actually give rise to more complications such as the disturbance of natures food pyramid.For example, the pesticide produced in the crop may unintentionally harm other creatures while producing a benefit to others. The introduction of pest-resistant genes into crops could lead to the death of the pests and other animals ca using an imba lance in the food filament that could possibly lead to the extinction of some species especially if they are only localized in one particular area.In Britain, a native farm bird, the Skylark, was indirectly affected by the introduction of GM sugar beets that were designed to resist herbicides. The result in planting this crop was that weeds were reduced substantially. However, since the birds avow on the seeds of this weed in autumn and winter, researchers expect that up to 80% of the Skylark population would have to find other means of finding food. Another issue brought up is that GM crops may also pose a health risk to native animals that eat the plants and may be poisoned by the organic pesticides.Although others might also argue that the cutting down of trees to construct buildings might also be a way of tampering with nature, GM food not just tampers with physical nature but with the nucleotide of nature genes. Every organism, no matter how small, is made up of genes. The se genes control the physical development and demeanour of the organism and are passed down from parent to offspring. The word genes (comes from the Greek word genos meaning root) actually defines natures origin and the production of GM food would mean to change the origin of nature.Furthermore, religious communities Christians, Hindus, Jews and Muslims also share such concerns regarding GM products. According to Bishop Jeff Davies from the SA Council of Churches, With genetic engineering, we are tampering with the structures of life that have taken millions of years to develop and we have the arrogance to think that we can improve on them in 10 years to transference a gene from one species into another. Different religious communities have different believes and one of them would be their food such as kosher and halal food.But with the introduction of animal genes into plants how will they define a tomato with a fish gene? This will also be a major concern to vegetarians. All in all, I believe that tribe should be happy with what nature has to give and not play God and try to control nature. It is unethical to sacrifice other creatures and meddle with the delicate balance of nature. Furthermore, there will be potential chain reactions that may be unstoppable.One other argument is how GM products can affect our health especially in the long run. The un holloable changes in our food could lead to negative reactions that are not detected by research techniques until much later. A degraded acceptance of GE foods without proper testing could show corporate profitability to be very prestigious but that would be too dangerous because there has been no adequate safety testing to go steady that using other organisms genes is going to have the same useful effects if inserted into a totally unrelated species.Furthermore, testing has only been done on a small scale currently and its hard to predict what will happen when its used on a wider ecology. In 1989, doz ens of Americans died and several thousands were afflicted and damage by a genetically altered version of the food supplement L-tryptophan. Studies have been done to show how viruses can mix with genes of other viruses to give rise to more deadly viruses. To mass market the use of GM food when it has not been properly tested for safety issues would mean that businesses are gaining at the spending of consumers health and is therefore ethically unacceptable.On the other hand, some organizations insist that GM technology is the result to solving the job of world hunger. However, I feel that it is simply a ploy of corporations and countries that are using the plight of the developing world as a marketing strategy to gain acceptance of GE foods. GM technology is not an economical method that can be easily implemented by most countries. In fact, genetic engineering techniques are currently being applied to crops important to the modify world and not on crops which the worlds hungry d epend on.GM foods could actually reduce developed countries confidence on crops from developing countries, resulting in loss of trade and severe economic damage for them and intensifying their problem of poverty. This would mean that theres a conflict of interest. Furthermore, an important factor that Friends of the Earth has pointed out is that many lot in the world are suffering from malnutrition and hunger because they cannot afford to buy food, not because it is unavailable. Therefore, even with GM food, people would tranquilize not be able to afford it or have it distributed appropriately.Most of the causes of hunger are found in global politics, rather than issues of agriculture and technology. As a result, a variety of groups and people are questioning the motives behind GM foods as the political causes of hunger appear to be ignored.An word from Food First observed that most innovations in agricultural biotechnology have been profit-driven rather than need-driven and it questions whether GE technology can really ensure food security, protect the environment and reduce poverty in the developing world or is it produced simply because its patentable and thus, profitable to businesses. In some cases, as reported by The Institute for Science, pesticide usage is actually increasing, and GE crop actually yield less than conventional crops.In this essay, I have come up with several valid reasons why Genetically Modified Foods are ethically unacceptable. GM foods tamper with the origin of nature which is the genes and there is inadequate safety testing to prove that GM food is safe for human consumption.Therefore, businesses are mass marketing GM food at the expense of consumers health and proclaiming that GM Food is the solution to world hunger when it might not be true. Although there might be potential and benefits in GE technology, there are still many unknown areas that might prove to be more harmful then beneficial. Furthermore, there are still too ma ny important ethical issues that have been ignored and that reason by itself makes it ethically unacceptable.

How to the Methods of Calculating Banks Marketing Budget Essay Example for Free

How to the Methods of Calculating Banks Marketing Budget EssayHow to make up ones mind Banks Marketing Budget? Introduction Now a day under taking market activities is imperious and a key to exist in the business environment especially in the financial celestial sphere where competition is strong. In Ethiopia there are 16 nonpublic commercial-grade cashboxs and three public drive home banks. There is strong competition among these banks to take market cover and earn profit especially for those banks that code the market recently. In addition according to the National Bank of Ethiopia Directive, all commercial bank have to reach 500 million paid up capital in the coming four years. In order to achieve this amount of capital these banks mustiness sell new share, persuade their existing share holders to fully pay the subscribed amount and retain the earning instead of paying the dividend. These are achieved by set or so strong marketing campaign.All the banks have mar keting budget and the budget differs based on the size and depth of their capital. However, determining the size of marketing budget is non an easy task. It is big question often asked by marketers and bank executives. In Ethiopia it is common to see Television program and football events sponsored by commercial banks, advertisement of banks returns and services in any time on electronics and print media especially money steer adverts during the holiday season, distributing givea manner materials and entertaining their customers.The marketing budget for a bank frequently includes expenditures for five several(predicate) activities Advertising Debub Global Bank, MPPE DepartmentCompiled by Behaylu WondafrashPromotional activities gross revenue procession Marketing research Sales/customer service training and Public relations How a bank allocates its chalk up marketing budget among various marketing activities depends largely on bank size in terms of capital and subsection di stribution and advert approach (production and air time cost). Most the Banks in Ethiopia spends about 80% of their total marketing budgets on advertising. The rest activities took 20 percent of the budget. Most banks are currently using sales promotion activity corresponding commercial bank of Ethiopia which provide awards for who save 1000 birr and to a higher place in any branch of it and promotional activities like sponsoring Ethiopian Great Run and donating to children aid.Advertising took about 80 percent of the budget. This due to the fact that time to time increasing cost of advertising ordinate and production cost. The lion share of the budget is goes to the Ethiopian radio and Television Agency and then to the private FM radio stations especially Fana FM and Sheger FM. Most banks also usage print media like reporter and fortune news paper. But how does a bank determine how much it should spend for marketing in general and advertising in particular? There are orders of calculation. Methods of calculation According to root of Marketing Financial Services, there are different ways to calculate a banks marketing budget. Banks use at least four methods to determine what they will spend on marketing in general and on advertising in particularDebub Global Bank, MPPE DepartmentCompiled by Behaylu WondafrashThe percentage method, The competitive paratrooper method, The incremental method and The objective-and-task method.1. Percentage method the percentage method states banks advertising budget is 1/tenth of 1 percent of a banks total assets. This percentage method has several drawbacks or flaws. First, it is based on the banks past performance rather than on objectives for the future. Second, it views assets or deposits as the cause of advertising rather than recognizing that increases in these variables might be, to some extent, the effect of advertising. Third, it discourages aggressive advertising and reduces advertising expenditures in periods of economic slowdown. Research indicates that firms that keep abreast or increase their advertising during periods of recession do better after the recession.2. Competitive parity method this method is also known as follows the leader.A bank determines what its competitors are spending on advertising and simply follows their lead. This method is based on the erroneous assumption that the market responds in the same way to the same strength of birr spent by different banks. It fails to take into account the effects of variations in creativity, different uses of media, the timing of campaigns, and a banks image and recognition level in its market area. Furthermore, a banks competitors plausibly use no more rational a system for determining their advertising expenditures than does the bank that is side by side(p) their lead.3. Incremental Method under this method a bank simply increases its advertising budget by a certain percentage each year. The percentage whitethorn take Debub G lobal Bank, MPPE DepartmentCompiled by Behaylu Wondafrashinto account the rate of inflation or the growth rate of the bank or it may be dictated by a planner or budgeter whose primary objective is to make the bottom bourn show a targeted return on assets. Whatever the percentage increase, this method does not take in to account the desired objectives of advertising and the most cost effective ways to attain them.4. Objective-and-task method. Using this method, the bank bases its advertising budget on what it will cost to meet the marketing objectives it had defined. The bank then weighs this cost against the expected net benefit of the new business to ensure that the cost of advertising will not reduce the profit margin on the newly acquired deposits or bestows beyond acceptable limits. For example, Let us take Debub Global bank (DGB) and assume that a banks goal is to increase its one-year deposit volume by 100 million birr over its expected normal growth during a promotion perio d. It calculates that the profit margin on those funds (deposits) will be 6 percent (or 6,000,000 birr). The bank must then decide how much it is willing to invest in advertising in order to feed an extra 6,000,000 birr of income. The selected amount will vary from bank to bank.This method also has its drawbacks. While it works for specific promotions that have immediately measurable results, such as increased deposit or loan volume, it cannot be used to determine the level of advertising necessary to build awareness of the bank and to farm and maintain an image for it. A bank that advertises only when it has a specific promotion to communicate may be out of the media for considerable periods of time. Most marketers agree that some maintenance level of advertising, either product or institutional, is a necessary investment, simply to keep the banks name in front of its publics.

Jails and Prisons Essay Example for Free

Jails and Prisons EssayJails and prisons are corrective institutions which are meant to curb wrong activities in the society. They are also meant to punish the offenders. Prisons execute imprisonment which involves legal penalties. Jails and prisons should basically be aimed at punishing and rehabilitating the offender so as he/she will not reprize the crime which he/she was convicted of. The federal spending on correctional activities has also been gradually increasing.In the new-fashioned past federal government has been enhancing its efforts to improve jails and prisons conditions as a sign of recognizing whatsoever human rights authorize to criminals. Nowadays, those serving imprisonment sentences can access various facilities. These include religious services, education facilities, and recreational facilities in the exercise yard. The prisoners health is also well taken care of. Prisoners are also trained and imparted with around skills which may be helpful in their future life.In our contemporary prisons, prisoners are provided with entertainment facilities such as pool tables and TV. (Cavadino Dignan 2006) USA jails and prisons are both meant to rehabilitate and punish the offenders. Rehabilitation is an effective method of ensuring no re-offence so as to reduce the number of prisoners population. This program seeks to address the casual links to offending, and engagement cognitive behavioral approach towards modifying the prisoners behaviors.Counselors are used to ensure success of such programs. Those involved in use of prohibited substances and a number of civil crimes are usually rehabilitated. On the other hand, some criminal activities necessitate punishments such as fines, strokes and capital punishment. Capital punishment is applied to serious criminal activities such as terrorism, espionage, treason or mass destruction. (McGuire 2002 Cavadino Dignan 2006)

Explain how the closer relations with Hitler Essay Example for Free

Explain how the close relations with Hitler EssayMussolinis closer relations with Hitler certainly contributed to their defeat in the Second World War. It was because of Germany that Italy felt pressured to join the state of war in the first place. The scale of the German victories of the autumn of 1939 and the early summer of 1940 stimulated Mussolinis greed. There was right away the prospect of large rewards if Italy joined the war on Germanys side. It appeared that the war would soon be won by Germany. It was, therefore, imperative to assist Germany before the opportunity to gain economically and territorial gains from the war was baffled. He feared world isolated in a German dominated Europe. Militarily, Germany was not a trustworthy ally. Mussolini pushed forrader with the parallel war despite the fact that Germany was unlikely to co-operate with Italian desire for French colonies. Hitler was unwilling to hatful Frances North African colonies to Italy, preferring to l eave them and the French Med fleet under the puppet Vichy regime to command the latters permanent collaboration. Furthermore, Italy attacked Greece in 1940, interestingly in part because the Greek government was withal friendly to Germany for Mussolinis liking.It could also be said that the German Italian Alliance contributed to the Italians tribulation in North Africa. Hitlers priority became the Russian Front which involved drawing off German troops and supplies from North Africa. This sealed Italys fate. The German alliance had a poor economic consequence on Italy as well. The regime had given little thought to the problem of large-scale armaments production during war time, with strategic materials, notably coal and iron ore, having to be imported from Germany and German occupied territories. Despite the pre-war insurance policy of encouraging autarky, the Italian economy was far from self-sufficient in 1940.There was a 35% ebb in industrial production and a 25% reduction in agriculture as peasants were being conscripted. This led to a fall of 20% in Italian steel production between 1940 and 1942, with number that losses, particularly in tanks and aircraft, could not be replaced. As war began to go badly for the Axis, the Germans became increasingly opposed to divert such scarce resources to their ineffectual Italian allies. This put further strain on the already over-stretched Italian economy. Furthermore, the German alliance only increased the disillusionment the Italian people felt towards the war.The German alliance had always been unpopular, illustrated by Grandis comment of July, 1943 You believe that you have the devotion of the peopleYou lost it the day you tied Italy to Germany. Elements within the Fascist Party, the army, the Vatican and the Royal Household began considering alternatives culminating in the July coup of 1943. On eighth September, 1943, Italys new government officially surrendered to the Allies. The Germans, however, occup ied North Italy and delayed final victory for the adjoining 18 months. To conclude, the German alliance was detrimental to Italys war effort and contributed greatly to their loss.

Comparing the marketing of Tescos and Audi Essay Example for Free

Comparing the commercialize of Tescos and Audi EssayFor this task we acquire been asked to look at the ways two diametric ancestryes market their products and services the two businesses we have been asked to look at argonTesco Audi.The first Tesco was opened in 1919 by a man called Jack Cohen from that 1 store Tesco has big(a) in the market and now has 923 stores worldwide, Tesco is a supermarket that sells all kinds of ho drillhold items such(prenominal) as food, clothes range, technology range, shout range furniture, toys and some more, Tesco has many different stores which make a lot of money every year. Tesco uses its patsy to obtain unfermented customers and also retain old customers because they be a reliable business that is well known by many of their customers. They are known for their cheap products and suitable prices which attract customers to coif back and buy once again, They obtain bare-assedly customers by doing things deal advertising and promo ting their products and business on things like flyers, T.V, Internet, Comparison sites and a lot of other places, they also do things like club automobileds which vacate customers to get some products for lower prices or free, this makes the customer want to come back and shop again because they like the way of service.We have been asked to pick one product from each business and discuss the marketing techniques between them, from Tesco I have elect to do a Mobile phone, the target markets of this product is everyone, merely almost everyone needs a mobile phone, the branding of the mobile phone will be different because if the phones are made from different companies their brands will be on them, Tesco will use adverts to promote the phone and get people interested so they will buy it, Tesco uses relationship marketing with phone brands such as Nokia, Samsung ECT as they sell their products in side their stores, The mobile phone has a galactic number of rival products as there are lots of different phone models to choose from and this particular(prenominal) phone might not get bought.An Ansoff matrix is a business strategy that businesses use to amplification sales and improve their market, Tesco is developing new products in existing markets because they already have a market and they just need new products to sell in their market, for example if Tesco created a new product their brand phone they would sell it under their name in their stores.Tesco constantly uses the Ansoff matrix as they are constantly cathartic new products, and selling them, sometimes Tesco would work on improving a market and sometimes they create completely new products, If Tesco release a new mobile phone they would be releasing a new product into a existing market which would be using the Ansoff matrix.Audi AG (Xetra NSU) is a German manufacturer of a range of automobiles, from supermini to crossover SUVs in various body styles and price ranges that are marketed under the A udi brand. The order is headquartered in Ingolstadt, Germany, and has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Volkswagen AG since 1966, following a phased purchase of its predecessor, Auto Union, from its former owner, Daimler-Benz. Volkswagen re-launched the Audi brand with the 1965 introduction of the Audi F103 series. The company name is based on the family name of the founder August Horch, meaning listen which, when translated into Latin, becomes Audi.Audi uses its brand to sell their products, Audi is a well known and believe brand and people can buy from them with leave unlike smaller companies, customers know that they can trust Audi, because they have reliable cars that they sell and the public know these facts about the business so they trust the company and buy the car.We have been asked to pick one product to describe the marketing techniques they use, I have chosen to do the Audi RS4, the target of this car would be anyone who can drive and people who have money, The bran ding of this car would have the Audi Logo on it, Audi will use things like adverts to promote their product, advertising increases sales, Audi can use Relationship marketing with Car dealerships/shops which sell their cars, Audi has a lot of rivals due to there being many other car companies that are selling cars like them such as Mercedes, Bmw, ECT, so Audi will have to be better that the other companies and prove that they are the best car dealer on the market.An Ansoff matrix is a business strategy that businesses use to increase sales and improve their market Audi is constantly creating new products in their existing markets, and sometimes creating new products for new markets, for example Audi would not start a new company to sell new products under, they would just make new products which would be cars and sell them under their topical name which would be Audi.Audi constantly uses the Ansoff matrix as they are always making new cars and selling them, sometimes Audi would work on improving a market and sometimes they create completely new products, for example If Audi created a new car they would sell it under their brand name and this is using the Ansoff Matrix.

Sainsburys objectives Essay Example for Free

Sainsburys objectives EssayAIMS AND OBJECTIVESThe fellowship aim is to provide a world class dish out to customers by incorporating quality principles with our everyday routine.OBJECTIVESThe caller-outs objective is to discharge the responsibility as leaders in its trade by acting with complete integrity, by carrying out its work to the public good and to the quality of life in the community, to provide unrivalled value to its customers in the quality of the goods it sells, in the competitiveness of its prices and in the range of filling it offers. It aims in its storehouses, to achieve the highest standards of cleanliness and hygiene, efficiency of operation, convenience and customer service, and thereby create as attractive and favourable a shopping environment as possible and to offer its lag outstanding opportunities in ground of personal c atomic piece 18er development and in remuneration relative to other companies in the akin commercialize, practising always a concern for the welf are of every individual.The political partys final objective is to generate sufficient profit to pay continual improvement and growth of the business whilst providing its shareholders with an excellent return on their investment funds.MARKETING AND SALESThe company has a separate Marketing and Sales department and market research is used in the forms of market research staff using survey questionnaire in streets and in store, customer focus mornings where feed stern can be gained, and questionnaires regarding current promotions e.g. advantage Card.The company hopes to present an image of high standard charitable to family groups and younger people and quality and value for money.The companys advertising strategy is through local TV and Radio, topical anaesthetic and National Strategies, Head Office planning branch and Marketing and Sales Manager Region e.g. Radio, TV, University, Freshers, Sponsorship publicize by magazines, posters, instore demon strations and customer led, evenings, mornings, suggestions, feedback, comments, book, school visits, community groups, talks to groups.The major influences on the price of the product are costs by the producer, competitors prices, regional pricing and select prices.The major markets are customers residing in the South Kirklees celestial orbit.The principal(prenominal) channels of distribution are contract distribution to supply products to store. Minority of goods delivered direct by suppliers.The briny costs of distribution are transport and other related fix costs depot vehicles and labour, fuel, consumables. The company is establishing boneyr links with suppliers by sharing vehicles.The major customers for the products are supermarket customers in South Kirklees.FINANCEThe company leases the land and buildings, and the main items of capital equipment are plant machinery e.g. refrigeration, air conditioning, lighting and additional heating costs, halt tills, display equipme nt shelves, trolleys, meat and bakery equipment, the fork lift truck, waste compactors, scissor lifts and computer and catering ovens.The company owns the company patent, trademark and products e.g. Classic Cola, Novon Washing Powder (65% of gross revenue Sainsburys own brand) and its own magazine.The companys sources of finance are through ploughed back profit, shares, bank facilities, hire purchase/leasing and trade credit.Income is through profit and shares.Examples of fixed costs are capital equipment, contracted staff time, products and business rates for buildings.Examples of variable costs are energy heat, light, refrigeration, staff overtime and consumables e.g. staff clothing, paper stores, carrier bags.The company would like to invest in additional equipment and facilities for existing stores and updating others. This would provide better service and generate more sales. The cost of the investment would be variable and would be evaluated through a measured increase in t urnover.The organisation has open recent trading conditions difficult because of strong competition in a small geographical area and competitive pricing e.g. supererogatory offers, introduction of a Reward Card customers and staff card, more advertising. actionThe products/services offered are a large supermarket, a wide range of food and non-food e.g. cd/video, books, pharmaceuticals, a cook shop, food acknowledges- bakery, meat, fish produce, dairy, frozen foods, tinned/packets, also a customer restaurant and a petrol station.The location of the company is in Huddersfield adjacent to the ring route opposite The University of Huddersfield and Oldgate House same side as Aspley Marina.Reasons why the organisation is located in Calderdale/Kirklees are to provide a service to customers within the geographical area and the suitable density of population.Reasons for this specific site are because of excellent road links for distribution and particularly customers, a good public tra nsport system and land easy for sale suitable for new store.The production process is split into Inputs, the Process and Outputs.The Inputs are goods and commodities are genuine from suppliers and received 24 hours a day.The Process is that when received, all items are counted manually and taken to the warehouse monied on to special shelves. Information is recorded on the computer. Each department identifies goods needed. A list is make and items taken for display and sale in the shop. section staff replenish the shelves when needed under close supervision and management in order to supply a high class service to customers. in that respect is a customer self service and goods are taken to a checkout till for payment. in that location is an additional display and sales area inside the front entrance for cigarettes, books, newspapers and other small items. In addition a customer service desk is provided for customer contact.There is an adjoining restaurant for customers with th e necessary training and sale of food.The Outputs are the provision of goods for sale in the store i.e. food and non food as headspring as a customer restaurant and petrol service station.HUMAN RESOURCESHuman Resources Profile sum number455Part time363Full time92Gender is mainly 25% Male and 75% Female, and a predominate number of staff are employed in checkout/replenishment of goods. Other staff include checkout, catering, administration, replenishes, warehouse, butchers, bakers, sales assistants.Staff TrainingThe recruitment and selection procedures of the organisation are that internal recruitment is provided, they maintain a waiting list of speculative enquiries, they occasionally advise local press and they liaise with DSS re change staff.Training provided by the company includes Sainsburys own retail training scheme, NVQ level 1,2, NVQ level 4 for Trainee Managers, Assessors Awards for Department Managers, a regional co-ordinator, employment with training, plus operation s kills training for in-house training.Methods used to motivate the workforce include the encouragement of employee commitment through involvement in decision making process.Also a Reward/Profit sharing scheme is used, as is a Pension scheme and additional voluntary contribution, a SAYE scheme, a Staff Association (national/local) and staff discounts.Employees have union representation through the following unions USDAW, T GW Union, a Recognition Agreement of no negotiation rights. Currently 13% of employees are in a union.MANAGEMENT, ADMINISTRATION AND COMMUNICATIONInternal methods of communication are through senior management weekly meetings, store manager meetings, deputy manager meetings, department manager monthly meetings with staff, staff/management daily meetings, special additional meetings re initiatives, daily and weekly bulletins and through OASIS (E-Mail).External methods of communication are mail, phones, and through the Media TV, Radio and Press.Communications proble ms encountered and overcome have been continually ensuring communication of staff at all levels staff/customer upwards to management. The company has set up Staff Councils, elected regular Representatives of Staff and guaranteed Communicators who leave inform a group of people.Developments in communication include Staff Councils.EXTERNAL FACTORSThe consumers individual ask and expectations and the need to match customers needs to remain in business is one factor looked at.Another is the Governments statutory legislation e.g. Health Safety, Hygiene, Employment, and Trading Standards. Local Authorities e.g. Planning Agreements, and Highway Authority are others. arguing from other superstores, regarding prime sites, maintaining the share of business, the effective change of products, the range and expansion into new initiatives are the swelled external factors in this trade.

Crime Rates Essay Example for Free

Crime Rates EssayWhat we usually have in thought when we talk about the crime place is a well known fact that crime evaluate are increasing. So,people who are related to this issue should try to find a solution so as to solve the problem .Up to now many countries have tried to decrease crime rates. However,many of them have failed .Everybody has a significant roles so as to decrease the crime rates such as parents and governments.First of all, it is cost bearing in mind that parents should train their children so children will not change the crime rates . Thus,crime rates will not increase . Parents should raise awareness their children because according to research conducted children who are sensible about crime do not commit a crime besides parents should not consecrate unattended their children because generally rambling children have amount of influence on the crime rates.Also parents should be interested in their children .Experts said that slummy person involve in a crime easily .Therefore parents evolve care of their children.Read moreIncreasing Crime Rate in Todays Society in IndiaIt is be but not least governments should make provision as fight with crimes because researchers believe that only if governments withdraw importance to crime rates , can they decrease the crime rates .Governments should provide equipments so as to overcome to crimes.Thanks to more equipments , governments can reduce the crime rates .Governments should be in contact with otherwise governments because increasing of the crime rates are not seem just one government.So, they can friend each other about this situation.To sum up t should be noted that parents have a considerable amount of effect as decrease the crime rates .Nowadays every segment of hunting lodge is looking for a way to solve as decrease the crime rates.

Press Release Order Essay Example for Free

Press Release Order EssayThe demand for International variation services has been unceasingly increasing for the past few years. Moreover, the growing number of Internet users every year has resulted into a like and broader demand which is online commentary. Basically, it is clear that these days, clients all over the world need quick and reliable technical translation services that they can easily access using the Internet. As a response to these demands, a jumper cable translation company has recently expanded its business operation and has recruited sea captain translators who can fully happen the translation needs of clients from all around the globe. In a general meeting held last April beginning(a) 2008, company Manager James Tate emphasized to the employees that the adequate staff replenishment in the company imbibe made translation services more than approachable. As Tate said in the meeting, We are all homosexual beings as well as our clients. Some of us quest ion this fact because of enormous amount of orders, alone it is unquestionable that our clients need permanent help and support, thus, we decide to help our support and translators teams in order to make effective services to our clients.In the meeting, Tate further stated that the companys current manpower that provides website translation service has constantly met the growing demands of clients in plump support. According to Tate, the company is in the eventual heroic mode responding the world translation services, in which the company has grown and leading in both inventory translation service and foreign language translation. The manpower expansion of the company aims to deliver more professional translation services by adding twenty more high quality professional staff to ingeminate the translation capacities.Likewise, one of the important tasks in providing assistance to clients is the adequate maintenance of a live support. Tate believes that the live support is more si gnificant in bringing about a personalized approach to clienteles and gain out the services towards world translation. This kind of venture in internationalistic translation service has been a breakthrough of a reinvented industry using Internet technology. This venture operates like call center which is similarly a booming clientele-out-sourcing business.Likewise, the business in technical translation services is in the same fusion with another(prenominal) cyber technology innovations. In addition, some industrial technocrats perceive a looming demand in international translation services which may indicate vulnerability of competition, specifically by similar online business entities. unrivaled of the features is the possible realignment of call centers into a one-stop-shop venture in business-process-outsourcing which may include technical translation services.This indication may not be a remote possibility reflective on the situation of the getable technical manpower and academic professionals. Generally, the companys online translation services would radiate a more definitive employment opportunity to absorb the peoples skills and potentials that are untapped by other industries and competing job markets. These skilled translators would then eventually become the cornerstone of a bigger and

Using Drama to Teach Literacy

Using Drama to T to each one LiteracyAbstr minuteThe term oracy meaningthe business leader to speak fluently and articulately and to understand and respond to what other people say.was first apply by Wilkinson in 1965 (Definition, Microsoft Encarta World English Dictionary).Since that time the fact that it is central to t come to the fore ensemble aspects of the nurture answer and activities in which clawren engage in schooldays has been increasingly recognised. The cultivation of piffle of the t profess and audience skills is central to the schooling function and to voxicipation in exclusively curricular areas.This term my focus was precept oracy and literacy to year 4 children in an interactive and communicative environment created by dint of the use of drama.By the end of the series of lessons I cherished children in year 4 to be able to advert social, moral and cultural issues in stories. Drama was employed as a tool to create maps showing how behaviour could be understand from different points of view.I shall present a treation of the rationale behind the activities I bring forth chosen, the slip port in which the children engaged with them and the victory of this approach to the article of belief of oracy. I shall support my be given with research point in the areas of talking and instinct of hearing, the wider area of literacy, and research pertaining to effective teaching and learnedness generally.I will discuss what I found when I treasureed the progress made by the children and the implication this has for my future role as a teacher by linking my run short with the Professional Standards for Qualified teacher Status and Requirements for Initial instructor cultivation.IntroductionThe acquisition of language, a complex serve, is essential for effective communication by come forward life. Creating opportunities for the development of oracy in the classroom is essential if children are to develop the ability to commun icate. With research showing that children are increasingly disbursal time in solitary activities related to computers (MacGilchrist et al., 2006, p.12), thereby reducing opportunities for talking in the home, it is essential for schools to act as facilitators in the development of talking and comprehend.The National Literacy Strategy defines literacy thusLiteracy unites the alpha skills of pointing and writing. It to a fault involves discourse and earreach which, although they are not exposely identified in the framework, are an essential part of it. Good oral work enhances pupils misgiving of language in both oral and written forms and of the way language can be used to communicate. It is also an important part of the process through which pupils read and compose texts.(National Literacy Strategy Framework for commandment, p.3).The lack of reference to talking and listening as a separate area has been addressed in later recommendations with an acknowledgement that languag e is an integral part of most learning and oral language in particular has a key role in classroom teaching and learning (DfES, 2003, p.3). The document is highly prescriptive in the means through which considerations for talk should be established.This write up will present work carried out with a year 4 class in remark of oracy taught through drama. I will evaluate the opportunities payn to children for developing oracy and the ways in which children responded to the tasks.The role of talking and listeningFor the past fifty years researchers take over been making a can case for the splendor of talk in the learning process. The psychologists Vygotsky and Bruner have demonstrated the fundamental importance to cognitive processes and learning of speaking and listening (Lambirth, 2006, p.59).Talk is both a medium for teaching and learning and one of the materials from which a child constructs meaning (Edwards Mercer, 1987, p.20). I trea receivedd the talking and listening ac tivities to act as a medium for teaching and learning through the childrens fundamental interaction. My aim was that they would be teaching and learning from each other through their discussion root word work. Their construction of meaning would come about as a result of their understanding of the text and the dilemmas faced by David (see appendix 2).Opportunities for developing talking and listeningDeveloping talking and listening skills is a complex process which must be carefully managed in the classroom. In all curricular areas oral skills should be constantly being developed through a range of activities and, equal other areas of the curriculum, should be differentiated to allow for a range of abilities within the class (see appendix 2). Different subjects spree opportunities for different kinds of talk (DfES, 2003, p.4). It is therefore a very important feature of effective teaching to give children as many opportunities as possible to engage in a variety of eccentric pe rsons of talk. Children make reek of the world as they learn the communication skills to interact with others in their culture (Lambirth, 2006, p.62).Light and Glachan have shown that children working(a) together and sharing their ideas viva voce can develop solutions to problems that they could not manage to solve independently (Light Glachan, 1985). Carnell and accommodate suggest that to a greater extent than school learning should be based on talk and dialogue amid pupils as it has the power to engage learners in learning conversations, keeps them open to sunrise(prenominal) ideas and requires both honesty and assurance (Carnell Lodge, 2002, p.15).Planning the activitiesWhen planning the activities I sought to involve the following aspectsModelling appropriate speaking and listeningEncouraging sensitive interactionEnsuring goals are set with clear criteria for successPlanning opportunities for children to investigate, apply and weigh on language in use.(DfES, 2003, p. 19) (see planning appendices 1 2).I chose to provide opportunities for talk in the context of drama, giving the children opportunities to engage with one another. Research has shown that children learn more effectively when given opportunities to share ideas. Grugeon points out that this is a skill, like others, and must be taught. Children who are expected to work together in ag roots fate to be taught how to talk to one another. They extremity talk skills which enable them to get the best out of their own thinking and that of all other members of the group (Grugeon et al., 2001, p.95). For this reason I modelled the activities for the children so that they would have a clear understanding of what they were required to do and how best to go about the tasks in hand (see appendix 2). both(prenominal) of the children were tentative in respect of their engagement at the drawning of the exercise but the group work gave them opportunities to develop their confidence and self esteem .Developing appropriate talking and listeningIt is important to be apprised of the difference between incidental talk, in which children engage in the course of an activity, but is not like a shot related to the learning intentions, and talk which is a master(prenominal) focus of the activity. In my drama activities, I wanted children to be focused on their talk through appropriate activities which would engage them and hold their interest. When planning the activities I was aware of the need to engage pupils on the basis of their prior knowledge To prompt learning , youve got to begin with the process of going from inside to outside. The first influence on new learning is not what teachers do pedagogically but the learning that is already inside their heads (Gagnon, 2001, p.51). It was with this in mind that I decided on Davids dilemma. I felt that the children would have fitted previous knowledge of the ideas presented to be able to identify with the characters and the dilemma s faced by them (see appendix 2).Establishing RulesIn all conversations there are rules, for example, only one somebody talking at a time. Cordon suggests that children receive little help in understanding and appreciating the ground rules for group discussion (Cordon, 2000, p.86) an issue that I felt it was important to address through the establishment of guidance for the children. This is decisive to the process so that all children have equal opportunities to participate in the talking and listening activities.AimsMy aims in the drama activities wereTo encourage purposeful talk, the skills associated with which the children could later transfer to other areas of their learning.To develop childrens ability to work in a group.To enable children to develop the confidence and competence to present their work to a group of their peers.To develop childrens skills in forming opinions, responding to other childrens opinions and oral presentation skills.Drama as a tool for developing ta lking and listeningI chose to approach the teaching of speaking and listening through drama as it affords many opportunities for children to develop their speaking and listening skills. Drama helps children to understand their world more deeply and allows them an probability to find ways to explore and share that understanding (Wyse, 2001, p.213).Research about learning has shown that children learn most effectively when learning is meaningful to them. Learning happens in the process of coming to new understandings in relation to existing knowledge (MacGilchrist et al., 2006, p.52). For this reason I gave children the opportunity to create their own scenarios in acting out Davids dilemma. In the group activities I wanted the talk to be unrestricted so that the children could question, disagree with, extend and qualify each others utterances (DfES, 2003, p.7).After their group activities children had the opportunity to share their ideas with the class, giving them important experie nces in presenting their opinions and listening to the views of others. Children were actively engaged in tasks which gave validity to all of their ideas and opinions. When given opportunities, children are keen to engage with issues on text and challenge the conventions of the story (Baumfield Mroz, 2004, p.55). I wanted children to have experience of challenging the ideas they were faced with by developing their own responses to scenarios and the behaviour of characters.Links with cultureThe development of effective talking and listening skills is vital to the reading process. Before their oral work, children were finding main ideas in the text to support their viewpoints (see appendix 1). Only after the children had established the supporting information they wished to use, were they in a position to verbalise their ideas. Reading and talking were also linked through the requirement that the children orally summarise the salient points in a written argument. Through a discussio n of the ways in which authors are able to develop their ideas children can develop ways in which to present their own ideas to an audience. hard-hitting questioning was essential to this part of the process to provide a framework for the development of the childrens ideas in the correct context. As children have more experience and gain more confidence in this type of activity they are able to act as effective peer questioners, a very expedient aspect of pupil self-assessment. Through this process children can measure the success of their own learning. Baumfield and Mroz advocate the development of a community of inquiry to develop pupils critical analysis of text (Baumfield Mroz, 2004, p.58).Developing opportunities for talkIn the classroom a variety of types of talk occur throughout the day. The ways in which children interact with each other is very different to the way in which they interact with the teacher who does 70% of the talking in the course of a day(Baumfield Mroz, 2004, p.49). This clearly means that children are not being given sufficient opportunities to develop talking and listening skills critical to success in all other areas. To enhance the role of talk in shaping and developing learning requires a reduction in the teachers role as classroom controller and a shift towards an enabler of talk for thinking (Myhill, 2006, p.19). After the initial modelling and discussion, it was important for me to let the groups work, as far as possible, along the problem path independently.It was my intention to give children a variety of opportunities to engage in different types of talk. They had opportunities to talk in small groups when working on their scenarios and subsequently had opportunities to present their work to the whole class.Talking in groupsWorking in groups has been shown to develop a sense of belonging in children, something which I regard as very important in the classroom. Osterman has pointed out that, at that place is substantia l evidence showing or suggesting that the sense of belonging influences achievement through its effects on engagement (Osterman, 2000, p.341). She goes on to say that children with a well developed sense of belonging in school tend to have more positive attitudes to school and each other. As shown in appendix 3 some of the children were lacking in confidence in the initial stages of the activities, something which I would seek to develop in children through more exposure to this type of activity.Resnick has pointed out that while the majority of learning in schools is laissez-faire(a) in its nature, this is contrary to other aspects of life such as work and leisure activities which are frequently more social in the nature (Resnick, 1987). It is essential, therefore, that children develop the skills needed for group work so that they have ability to engage in participatory aspects of education. When planning the group activities for the children I was conscious of making sure that each child had a part to play in the development and presentation of each activity. Francis has pointed out that the majority of talking and listening activities involve the teacher doing most of that talking with the children interjecting at suitable gaps in the teacher discourse (Francis, 2002, p.29), something which I wanted to avoid by giving the children ownership of the activities. This would ensure that all children were engaged in the process and less likely to be passive. At the same time children had to be able to quietly listen to the views of others, thereby developing strategies for turn-taking. All the children engaged in the process very well.AssessmentAssessment for learning is a very important aspect of the teaching and learning process and from the point of view of my own professional development the ability to effectively assess pupil learning is a very important competence to have. As Dann has pointed out, if assessment genuinely seeks to give some denotation of pupils level of learning, pupils will need to understand and contribute to the process (Dann, 2002, p.2). In assessing the effectiveness of the activities it is important to assess the appropriateness of the childrens talk for the task. The children participated in the assessment process through their involvement in the plenary sessions. This was coupled with my observations of childrens success on the task (see appendix 3). All of the children achieved the objectives and reported that they enjoyed the activities. Childrens talk is a very good indicator of their understanding of a task. The fact that all the children experienced success with the tasks and were able to carry them out using appropriate language was demonstrative of their understanding of the characters and dilemmas with which they were faced. Talking and listening is very valuable to assess understanding particularly with children who have special educational needs and whitethorn have difficulty with written tasks.My ers has presented research carried out in primary schools which suggests that children who participate in group work enjoy the experience of working with others and find it very helpful in the learning process (Myers, 2001, cited in MacGilchrist et al., 2006, p.159). My evaluation of the drama activities leads me to agree with this, particularly in light of the comment made by one of the children I wish we could always do drama with English(see appendix 3).Childrens language, like most of their learning, responds to encouragement (Fontana, 1994, p.78). This is an important idea to bear in mind when giving the children feedback and it is important to congratulations their efforts at contributing. I would hope that this would encourage the children who were initially reluctant participants in their efforts in the future.What I have LearntI have developed a greater degree of understanding of the role of talking and listening in the curriculum as well as an understanding of how childre n progress in this area and what they should be expected to achieve. I hope to build on this in my future development and feel that I have made progress in terms of the standards laid out by the Training and instruction Agency.Appendix 1Literacy planningAppendix 2 Lesson Observation SheetsAppendix 3 valuationEvaluation Week 2All groups were very engaged and enjoyed the task. They said that they wished they could always do drama with English. accomplishable action to be takenMore use of drama when teaching English.AssessmentsChilds material bodyObjective achieved?CommentsActionAndreiMore ableVery animated leader of groupSpeaking ad listening skillsLeoMiddle GroupCo-operativeRobertMiddle GroupTentative at first more engaged with scriptConfidence buildingOonaMiddle groupGood directional skillsUse of prop (desk)Good team playerDanielleMore ableWorks well in her team.AlexandraSENTentative very aware of being stared at.Confidence buildingReferencesBaumfield, V. Mroz, M. (2004) Inve stigating Pupils questions in the primary classroom in E.C. Wragg (Ed.)(2004) The RoutledgeFalmer reader in program line and Learning. capital of the United KingdomRoutledgeFalmer.Burns, C. Myhill, D. (2004) Interactive or inactive? A consideration of the nature of interaction in whole class teaching. Cambridge ledger of Education, 34, 1, 35-49.Carnell, E. Lodge, C. (2002) Supporting Effective Learning. London Paul Chapman Publishing.Cooper, P. McIntyre, D. (1996) Effective Teaching and Learning. BuckinghamOpen University Press.Cordon, R. (2000) Literacy and Learning Through Talk Strategies for the Primary Classroom. Buckingham Open University Press.Dann, R. (2002) Promoting Assessment as Learning. London RoutledgeFalmer. division for Education and Employment (1998) The National Literacy Strategy Framework for Teaching. London DfEE.Department for Education and Employment (2003) Speaking, hearing and Learning Handbook. London DfEE.Department for Education and Skills (2003) Spe aking, Listening, Learning Working with children in key stages 1 and 2. London DfES.Edwards,D. Mercer, N. (1987) Common Knowledge. London Metheun.Francis, P. (2002) Get on with your talk. Secondary English Magazine, 5, 4, 28-30.Gagnon, G.W. (2001) Designing for Learning. London Paul Chapman Publishing.Grugeon, E., Hubbard, L., Smith, C. Dawes, L. (2001)(2nd edition) Teaching Speaking and Listening in the Primary School. London David Fulton.Lambirth, A. (2006) Challenging the laws of talk ground rules, social retort and the curriculum. The Curriculum Journal, 17, 1, 59-71.Light, P. Glachan, M. (1985) Facilitation of individual problem-solving through peer group interaction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 5, 3-4.MacGilchrist, B., Myers, K. Reed, J. (2006) The Intelligent School. London perspicacious Publications.Myhill, D. (2006) Talk, talk, talk teaching and learning in whole class discourse. Research Papers in Education, 21, 1, 19-41.Osterman, K. (2000) Students need for b elonging in the school community. Review of Educational Research, 70, 3, 323-367.Resnick, L.B. (1987) Learning in school and out. Educational Researcher, 16, 9, 13-40.Training and Development Agency (2002) Qualifying to Teach Professional Standards for Qualified Teacher Status and Requirements for Initial Teacher Training. London Training and Development Agency for Schools.Thompson, P. (2006) Towards a sociocognitive model of progression in spoken English, Cambridge Journal of Education, 36, 2, 207-220.Vygotsky, L. (1972) Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA MIT.Wyse, D. Jones, R. (2001) Teaching English Language and Literacy. London RoutledgeFalmer.