Health assessment roper logan tienery

One draw of the field of nursing is the capacity for medical caretakers to individualize their consideration plans for their patients. So as to guarantee that exceptional patients can get sound, they need nursing care plans as one of a kind as they seem to be. This implies appraisal and assessment of every patient previously and during care.Nancy Roper's craving to turn into a medical caretaker began in adolescence, and because of her encounters and training, she, alongside two of her associates, built up the Roper-Logan-Tierney Model of Nursing to survey patients' degree of autonomy and give the best ndividualized care to them. The Roper-Logan-Tierney Model for nursing is a hypothesis of nursing care dependent on exercises of every day living, which frequently truncated ADLs or ALs. The motivation behind the hypothesis is as an appraisal utilized all through the patient consideration. which is regularly used to survey how the life of a patient has changed because of ailment , injury or admission to an emergency clinic as opposed to as a method of getting ready for expanding autonomy and personal satisfaction. This model is identified with the life expectancy of the Individual, distinguishing twelve exercises f living: keep up a sheltered domain, correspondence, breathing, eating and drinking, end, washing and dressing, controlling temperature, assembly, working and playing and sleeping.Each of it is impacted by five recognized components, which are organic, mental, socio-culture, condition and politico financial This model is utilized related to the nursing procedure to Identify real possible issues for the Individual and how nursing care can propel the patient along the reliance to Independence continuum.

The Woman who Had Two Navels by Nick Joaquin Essay Example

The Woman who Had Two Navels by Nick Joaquin Paper p> This epic by Joaquin is a scholarly appraisal of the impact of the past to the time including occasions in the Philippines after World War II, an assessment of a collection of inheritance and legacy and the inquiries of in what capacity can an individual exercise through and through freedom and how to manage the stun in the wake of encountering epiphanic acknowledgment. Primary characters: Among the characters summoned by Joaquin are the Manolo Vidal and his family, Connie Escobar, Esteban and Concha Borromeo, Father Tony, Paco Texeira, and Specialist Monson, a previous renegade stowing away in Hong Kong to maintain a strategic distance from after war preliminaries. Connie Escobar, the lead female character, was depicted by artistic pundit Epifanio San Juan as a victim of her moms offense from an existence where unconfident guys exploit ladies by disregarding them or by adoring them. Connie is hitched to Macho Escobar, a man who took part in an extramarital entanglements with Connies mother, a past occurrence that fills in as an umbilical rope or umbilicus, a remainder associated with her present and future in view of her refusal to leave the issue in the ast. As per Epifanio San Juan, the character of Manolo Vidal is the exemplification of the Filipino nationalistic middle class who were once incredulous of the religious government of the Spaniards yet became changed manikins and hirelings of these colonialists. While, then again, Macho Escobar is anything but a progressive however an individual from the dehumanized tribe of hacenderos or proprietors of sugar estates. Paco Texeira was a survivor between the practices of the Monson and Vidal families, and furthermore went about as Nick Joaquins soul, an onlooker who could have enetrated the current ceremonies and ploys. We will compose a custom article test on The Woman who Had Two Navels by Nick Joaquin explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on The Woman who Had Two Navels by Nick Joaquin explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The Woman who Had Two Navels by Nick Joaquin explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Texeira had the ability to secure and break the class boundary portrayed in the books society, however would not do as such. STORY Nick Joaquins The Woman Who Had Two Navels spun around the upper white collar class exiles cognizance during the American time of colonization. It depicted each character battle to keep up their selves in a remote setting like Hongkong. It can likewise be characterized as grappling with the political cognizance during that period. The epic additionally contained blends of scorn, love, outrage, nsecurities, and sufferings that show in the real factors of life making the progression of the story increasingly provocative and engaging the crowd. The title of the novel energized my interest; that is the reason it required some investment to break down and think the translations that I need to use to show its criticalness. The story began with Connie, a little girl of a well off legislator. Connie depicted herself as an individual with two navels. Actually, when a lady has two navels, this implies she has two umbilical ropes. The navel is the abbreviated umbilical rope normally expelled when an individual is orn. Be that as it may, it is beyond the realm of imagination in such a case that an individual has two umbilical strings, he is a supernatural being a freak. Connie, imagining that she has two navels may allude to the resurrections that she experienced. The principal resurrection was getting away from her moms fiendish grasps since she was an undesirable youngster consistently excluded and continously experienced the phantoms of the past that spooky her. Let us not likewise issue of her significant other Macho and her mom that caused her to feel hopeless at certain focuses in her life. The subsequent resurrection alludes to her enlivening, her self acknowledgment and mancipation as a lady. She figured out how to confront reality and acknowledged reality. In my perspective, her motivation behind why she claimed to have two navels is that she needed to overlook everything about her, to appear as something else with the goal that another character will live and harp on her. Looking from another viewpoint, for this situation originating from a chronicled vantage point, the two navels may imply Hongkong and the Philippines. Regardless of whether the story was set in Hongkong, still, Filipino culture is available in its unique situation. Besides as the novel advanced, it introduced the Filipinos need to bond ogether and endeavored to restore their foundations; anyway musch as when they, as exemplified by Paco, were made uninformed of the Filipino culture. The epic additionally depicted an interlocution among Chinese and Filipino awareness. A case of this was Rita who spruces up in monsters and agnostic Jewels to think about the Virgin. The feeling of patriotism and being Filipino was delineated in Connies character that caused her to represent the nation. The way that she was conceived in Hongkong, she despite everything yearned for her local land the Philippines. What's more, as the greater part of us Filipinos, she attempted to giggle at each issue and imagined that everythings fine. This attribute disproved the positive idea of being Filipino. According to the tales title, a great deal of Connies exist in our current domain. Up to this time, clearly a portion of our mom girl connections fall flat. As people, we are hesitant to concede reality inside ourselves. We typically deny the mix-ups that we submit. We attempt to live a universe of untruths. We need to escape from our real factors and consistently rationalize. Let us not overlook that regardless of whether it is difficult to confront reality, this will bit by bit help us in ccepting ourselves more and be better people. In spite of the fact that we may experience some startling examples, the way that we surrender to sureness and veracuty is all that could possibly be needed. Joaquin introduced the novel without the consistency of a typical account introducing the story in a non-direct way and concentrated first on the present and unfurled the various settings as each character was presented on a few sections. It rotated around the worry of the little individuals and of the metanarratives that were elucidated as the story was finished.

What Are the Different Kinds of Pre Written Research Papers For Sale?

What Are the Different Kinds of Pre Written Research Papers For Sale?Pre written research papers for sale are all over the place. You can find them online, in bookstores, or any other way you can imagine. This is a great way to reduce your research time and really make a statement by writing your own original research paper. If you are looking for something a little different then you may want to take a look at this helpful guide to help you along the way.If you have ever received a paper in the mail for an assignment then you have also probably noticed the time it takes to complete the paper. It usually takes someone several hours to do just one assignment. This time is taken up with research and drafting. Most assignments will involve the use of both types of tools. In this guide you will learn about the different kinds of research papers for sale.The first type of paper is the journal-style paper. This paper has been around for many years and is becoming more popular today. It gen erally has an index, which makes it easy to locate a specific section within the paper.The second type of paper is known as a project description paper. This paper will include a list of the topics that are covered in the paper. Project description paper will often include a subtopic that covers the information about the topic at hand.The third type of paper is the first one. This paper will be done mostly on the basis of research. It is very hard to determine if the information that you are getting is current so this kind of paper is used a lot. This type of paper is also used in exams.The last type of paper is a summary. A summary is what is left after writing the whole paper. This paper may have one or two main ideas, but the author tries to summarize what they have learned into one sentence.Pre written research papers for sale will always give you a chance to write something unique. These papers are generally very long so make sure that you really understand the concept of the p aper before you start writing. You will also want to make sure that you are not creating a paper that contains plagiarism in it.In order to get the most out of your time you need to know the best method to write each type of paper. With the help of a guide like this you will be able to research the right topic and write a paper that is well worth the investment. Don't waste any more time and make sure that you do your research properly before you start writing.

A Man Defeated By His Flaws in Sophocles’ play, “Antigone”

In Sophocles’ play, â€Å"Antigone† translated by Robert Fitzgerald and Dudley Fitts, Creon believes his laws surpass the laws written by the gods but his real flaw is his belief in masculine superiority and his self-destructive pride. In Greek literature, a tragedy means a sad story in which a hero is defeated because of his flaws and through this the audience will have a better understanding of themselves and the world. King Creon takes the audience thru his journey of ego, stubbornness and suffering. The opening events of the play quickly establish the central conflict between the two main characters. King Creon and Antigone have opposing positions, but both possess the same stubborn belief in their own righteousness and therefore both share the blame for the tragic end of the play. A major theme of Antigone is the conflict between religious law and government law. King Creon’s first speech is dominated by words such as â€Å"law†, â€Å"policy†, and â€Å"decree,† which demonstrates his belief and commitment to government and law as the supreme authority. Whereas Antigone believes in religious law and adheres to the divine law of the gods. Antigone knows Creon has â€Å"no right to trample on God’s right† (Sophocles 221). She makes it known that no law surpasses the divine, inherent law of the gods by defying Creon’s orders and buries her deserted brother. â€Å"She performs the burial, or rather that symbolic and ceremonial act which is taken for it, because the gods demand it, and not soShow MoreRelatedEssay about Gender Bias Critic of Antigone1724 Words   |  7 PagesGender Bias Approach to Antigone Just as one stone removed can break a bridge, one flaw can bring a man to ruins. The flaw of one man cannot bring down an entire kingdom, but rather one outlook of the king can lead to the demise of the whole. In Sophocles epic tragedy, Antigone, a strong gender bias is present throughout the tragedy, and is partially responsible for the downfall of the king. To Sophocles the king is not always representative of the people, but acts on his own personal desiresRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Sophocles Antigone990 Words   |  4 Pageshamartia or tragic flaw is a predominant motif that can be seen throughout many works from the Ancient Greek time period. Hamartia means to â€Å"miss the mark† (Merriam-Webster) and is often what leads to the demise of the tragic hero. In the play Antigone by Sophocles, this proves to be true (comma or this idea proves to be true) as the tragic flaw of hubris leads to the downfall of two central characters. Hubris is known as a sense of great pride and through Antigone, Creon and Antigone are shown to beRead MoreTheme Of Conflict In Antigone983 Words   |  4 PagesGreek tragedy, Antigone, explores a dramatic conflict between the individual and the state. The epicenter of this tragedy revolves around the juxtaposition of Antigone and Creon—symbols of the moral law and the human law. They embody m oral arguments that converge in opposition to one another, but since both parties failed to accept each other’s opinion, both were defeated at the end. This ensures no explicit answer on which side should take precedence over the other, making the play ambiguous andRead More Sophocles’ Antigone Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesSophocles’ Antigone The character of Antigone in Sophocles’ play, Antigone, is one of the most controversial tragic characters in classic literature. The war in her city has torn her family apart, caused the death of both her brothers, and created a reason for her to fight against the King, her uncle. Her uncle, Creon, makes a ruling that her brother, Polynices, is not to be buried because he is a traitor, but according to her religion, her brother’s soul will not go to the afterlife until heRead MoreOedipus as King of Thebes: Antigone by Sophocles1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe effect of pride is the centers piece of man’s perpetual role in his own destruction. This is illustrated by various characters’ such as Creon in Antigone by Sophocles, Oedipus in Oedipus the King by Sophocles and the Trojans in the Aeneid by Virgil. In the Antigone we see the consequence of one’s pride and desire for power take hold, when Creon decides to punish Antigone for disobeying the law off the land and proving Polynices with a burial. The disregard for any form of sympathy would eventuallyRead MoreOedipus The King And Antigone1909 Words   |  8 Pages as depicted in Sophocles’ two Greek tragedies, Oedipus the King and Antigone. The plays are written in a series falling into the same setting. Oedipus and Creon both deal with being rulers in contrasting styles and we can see their true characteristics when stressful situations arise during their respective reigns. Oedipus is portrayed as a strong, yet fair ruler to his citizens. However, when Creon obtains power soon after, he embodies conflicting ideals and looks to serve his personal ego. UnlikeRead MoreThe Tragic Heroes Of Sophocles Oedipus Rex And Antigone Essay2374 Words   |  10 Pagesquestioned in Ancient Greece where fate and self-will were the main themes of the plays. Many plays displayed the tragic hero as a victim of their own fate while others blamed the heroes for their suffering. The plays Oedipus Rex and Antigone, written by Sophocles, display the themes defined by Aristotle. Are we the authors of our fate or is our fate written and destined to happen? In both plays, Oedipus and Antigone face their downfall because of self-will. They bring on their own doom because ofRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of Read MoreAnalysis Of Snow s Midsummer By Guan Hanqing1629 Words   |  7 Pagesreader or spectator the satisfaction of seeing the hero be rewarded for his or her virtuous actions. Alternatively, the evil or malicious characters are usually punished thanks to the hero s actions and thus brings a somewhat â€Å"happy ending† to the conflict. Many authors and playwrights would mostly hesitate to bring an unpleasant end to their stories so that the audience may leave their seats with a more positive outlook on the play. Nevertheless, it might be debatable if a standardized nemetic ending

Eating Disorders Such As Bulimia, Binge Eating, And Anorexia

Eating disorders such as Bulimia, Binge Eating, and Anorexia are common diagnosis when the subject of eating disorders is discussed. In fact, we hear about these in textbooks, movies, commercials and specific websites when we search for information. There are additional diagnosis which fall into a more selective form of disorders. Diabulimia is an eating disorder selective to insulin dependent individuals diagnosed with Diabetes. Health issues arise that can be very harmful not only due to lack of nutrition but to long term complications from the extended out of range blood glucose levels. As with the more common forms of eating disorders the physiological issues must be addressed in addition to dealing with both short and long term consequences from depriving the body of insulin, which can be life threatening. Prescribed doses of insulin that are regulated by individual needs can lead to weight gain for these Diabetic patients. Diabulimia is diagnosed when these patients overeat and then withhold or reduce insulin, allowing their blood sugars to climb to dangerous levels to offset the weight gain, and lose the weight attributed to properly administering correct doses of insulin. According to Lauri Tarkan in her article Diabulimia: The Diabetes Disorder, Diabulimia is â€Å"It’s an easy and very discreet way for dibulimics to control their weight† (Tarkan, 2015). The underlying symptoms are very private, unless the individual is assisted with regular blood glucoseShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, And Binge Eating1453 Words   |  6 PagesIn the United States of America 20 million women, and 10 million men suffer from a clinically significant eating disorder at some time in their life. There are three types of eating disorders, Anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating. Eating disorders can be life-threatening conditions that can affect a person’s physical health, and emotional. Something that serious has people wondering what exactly is causing these people to risk their health on it? One possibility would be social influencesRead More The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesPrevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders? Without the knowledge of research, one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorder within aRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 PagesEating Disorders: Deterioration of the Mind By: Genevieve Narkiewicz Advance Placement Psychology Mr.Cuetara May 4th, 2015 Abstract Eating disorders are in no way, to be considered â€Å"no big deal†. It affects the lives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale and dry skin, and even failingRead MoreEating Disorders : Eating, Bulimia, And Anorexia1215 Words   |  5 Pagesof eating disorders such as binge-eating, bulimia, and anorexia. All three eating disorders are very similar, but they are also differ with the issue they cause. Eating disorders can be harmful to a persons’ body because when they keep vomiting, it causes certain parts of the body to deteriorate over time. Each disorder has many symptoms, causes, warning signs, and health problems. All disorders differ with the way they affect people and how the person is treated. Binge-eating disorder consistsRead MoreThe Three Main Types Of Eating Disorders1305 Words   |  6 PagesEating Disorders The three main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating, are complex pschyatriac disorders. The classification and diagnosis of each disorder is challenging because diagnostic symptoms and behaviours overlap. These disorders consist of various biological, psychological and sociological factors. They frequently coexist with other illnesses such as depression, substance abuse, or anxiety disorders. (ANAD) Eating disorders are commonly associatedRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa1303 Words   |  6 Pagesincreasing number of cases of eating disorders. According to a National Institute of Mental Health article (Eating Disorders, 2016), an eating disorder is an illness that causes physical disturbance to your everyday diet. A person who is stressed or concerned about their body weight is a sign that he or she might have an eating disorder. Out of all the eating disorders, the two most common are anorexia nervosa and bu limia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people, who are underweightRead MoreHow Are Eating Disorders Affecting Our Health?907 Words   |  4 PagesHow are eating disorders affecting our health? An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating (NIMH, Eating Disorders). Eating disorders start when the mind conjures up a nonrealistic conception of their own body. Disorders can be acquired through numerous ways such as; genetics, neurological transmitters in the brain, personality, social and environmental factors, stress, and most commonlyRead MoreBulimia Nervosa and Anorexia Nervosa Essay997 Words   |  4 PagesEating disorders are extremely harmful and rising in prevalence. . The two most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. In this essay, I will compare and contrast these two disorders. This essay will also assess the symptoms, causes , health affects and the most prevalent characteristics of people diagnosed with these two eating disorders. â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation to avoid obesity. People with this disorder believe they are overweight, evenRead MoreHow Eating Disorders Affect Health772 Words   |  3 PagesEating Disorders are conditions in which involves irregular eating habits, either insufficient or excessive food, that affects inimical the body’s image and mental health (Wikipedia). It affects men and women of all ages, but it has a greater impact among adolescences and young adults. In the United States, 24 million Americans are battling eating disorders, in which 1 million are males and 23 million are females. An individual who portraits this condition may have an irrational self-image thoughtRead MoreEye Opener : The Mind And Body1480 Words   |  6 Pagestypes of disorders. One type of disorder that is becoming very common in the everyday high school aged student are eating disorders. Even though some people believe it is normal to have an eating disorder, people sho uld be aware of the different kind of eating disorders because it is easy to develop these kinds of illnesses and too many innocent teenagers are dying from these unhealthy life choices. There are different types of eating disorders but the most common are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa

There Is an Inevitable Negative Effect between Religion...

Believing in an idea that regulates everyone’s life, will influence all aspects of everyone’s life. One simply cannot live a â€Å"Christian life† solely involving religion and divide themselves when they deal with politics. Thus believing in anything shapes each individual as a person: creates their boundaries, defines morality, and what is just and unjust. Therefore, religion will always be tied into politics. Consequently, I am researching the inevitability of the two seemingly separate ideas overlapping and impacting one another. In politics, today, religion overlaps politics in many aspects. Considering that religion has become more open and in America, supposedly separated from church and state, one would be lead to believe that the progression has separated them entirely, at least in the United States. However, looking back at the Renaissance, one can only make the argument that religion has become less influential, but is still predominate. Such as in political factions, where people tend to agree with like-minded individuals creating parties. Philosophers, intelligent, tend to only preach their ideas to the few who would befit those most, because many people did not have the time or luxury to learn and ponder the world’s questions, unlike the upper class. It was not until the Renaissance, when the revival of Greek philosophy through Neoplatonism and neoclassicism became popular with the help of the printing press, â€Å"Renaissance thinkers found in the life of the ancientShow MoreRelatedThe Americanization of Religions1232 Words   |  5 Pages Religion is an essential and complex facet of the American psyche. The â€Å"Americanisation† of religion - a by-product of the first amendment is demonstrative of the role it plays in national identification. Transcendentalism, cults and Christian Zionism have all been a result of the â€Å"Americanisation† of faith. Neither the first or fourteenth amendment were in place at the time of independence and as such their evolution is inevitable. The first and fourteenth amendments essentially protect the establishmentRead MoreReligious Reform in the Middle Ages1100 Words   |  5 PagesReligious Reformation in the Middle Ages Throughout the middle ages, religion underwent much criticism and controversy. In a time where Catholicism reigned as the sole religion, ideas arose that opposed this strict faith. These ideas spawned the Protestant reform and changed religion throughout Europe. It not only changed religious practices and the path to God, but also initiated political repercussions. These results were all in search of an answer to the question to which everyone soughtRead MoreEssay on Globalization: Sharing Our Prosperity With the World1388 Words   |  6 Pagesidea including: economics, politics, and cultures. Some associate globalization with modernization whereas, it is perceived that there is an alteration of traditional societies into Western industrial ones. This challenges us into a debate of whether or not globalization is positive or negative. In the worlds perspective some view globalization as being beneficial perceiving it as the key to our future and that our worlds economic development is inevitable. It has the potential of makingRead MoreRisks And Opportunities Apple Inc.1731 Words   |  7 Pagesand financial risks. The influences of society, culture, politics, health, safety and security will also be discussed. There are employment laws that will be highlighted and global market business challenges that can become a risk if the company does not comply with the business regulations. For the company to remain successful, it must also remain humble and aware that there are risks with every decision made whether it is having an effect on the environment, financially not having the expectedRead MoreSocial Change Is Inevitable? Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Social change is inevitable†. Critically discuss this statement drawing on social theory and contemporary examples. Introduction As change is an inevitable part of nature in a positive or negative way,the social change to me is subject to this pattern too.The speed of change varies between to spectrum,slow which people barely notice and fast in a way the society experience a shock. By the word change,we refer to a observable difference in a special time span.Therefore,social change would implyRead MoreThe Brutalizing Effects of Slavery Illustrated in the Book, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1630 Words   |  7 Pagesbrutalizing effects of slavery upon both slave and slaveholder† (Douglass, p.71). Modern people can fairly and easily understand the negative effects of slavery upon slave. People have the idea of slaves that they are not allow to learn which makes them unable to read and write and also they don’t have enough time to take a rest and recover their injuries. However, the negative effects upon slaveholder are less obvious to modern people. People usually think about the positive effects of slavery uponRead MoreReligion Is A Form Of Government2277 Words   |  10 Pages(Democracy 2004). Religion and politics have been long viewed as partners for many and yet some find the relationship a struggle. Religion usually pertains to an individual or a community of like minded members in the private sector. An example of such a body of individuals includes church or social organizations. As part of Western civilization, Americans typically embraced the separation of church and state as they believe that religion has no place in politics at all. Politics usually apply toRead MoreCultural Differences Of Business Practices1625 Words   |  7 Pagessociety composing of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws and other habits. Cultural differences are the variations in what people have, think and behave between different countries, religions or societies. (ghauricateora,2006) Whatever field a company is devoted to, whether they are local or multinational, cultural differences play an inevitable impact on their performance. Taking consideration of cultural differences unsuccessfully has caused many business failures. (Ricks, 1993). Business practiceRead MoreThe Theories Of Crime, Albert Cohen s Theory Of Delinquent Subcultures Essay1586 Words   |  7 PagesChapter II. Strain theory of terrorism of R. Agnew. (Agnew, 2010) â€Å"In sum, this research retests and builds on Agnew’s theory and argues that general strain theory can help terrorism studies to understand the sources of strains of terrorists and the effect of strains on their violent behavior. â€Å"( Mustafa Kayaoglu ) In the modern era, R. Agnew seems to be the leading researcher who most sharply translated terroristic behavior into a theory. He explains that terrorism is most likely to occur in a caseRead More The Messiah as Corruptor in Frank Herbert’s Dune Essay3454 Words   |  14 Pagesscience fiction novels ever written. A milestone of the genre, the work incorporates an intricate plot with a unique setting and memorable characters. Dune is rich with thematic material, touching on such varied issues as ecology, economics, religion, and politics; ultimately, it is a novel about control, the consequences of power, and human nature. Any reading of Dune and its sequels inevitably arrives at an analysis of Paul, who begins the novel as the youthful ducal heir to House Atreides. Trained

Nursing Case Study Management

Question: Identify a situation when you had to be assertive in clinical practice and critically reflective upon this experience. You have to apply a reflective model to aid the critical reflection, we recommend Rolfe et al (2001), but whichever one you choose, remember that it is a framework nly. Answer: Case Scenario A massive road accident had take place in Lakewood Boulevard between two buses which is very near to our nursing home. As a result our Nursing Home campus was fully jammed by the ambulances and there was a pathetic scene where so many injured people were present. I immediately went to the changing room and soon appeared for my duty. As the number of beds of emergency unit of our nursing home is not sufficient to admit all the patients who had heavily injured in the road accident. It soon became very much difficult to combat this situation as the patients were crying and the relatives of the injured patients become uncontrollable as they want to see their relatives ok. So here I just want to discuss the importance of being assertive in nature to combat this horrible situation. Framework Model what? The situation is not under our control and it became bad to worse as the injured people were coming continuously by ambulance and there were so many number of patients relatives there to check there loved ones are ok or not(Rolfe et al. 2001). So what is my role in this situation is that, I went to the patients relatives who were present there and try to talk to them and try to make their calm as they are very much shouting and were aggressive in nature (Berman Snyder, 2012). I tried to convince them to gather in a place where we hang the admitted patients name and also about their present condition (Dinh, et al 2012). I had also told them that the nursing home authority will immediately supply more beds to admit more patients who were badly injured in the accident. On the other hand my duty was to inform the nursing home authority about the actual scenario of the incident and the present condition of the nursing home. So that they could attempt any prompt action. I had told the authority about the emergency and they had soon take the action to supply more beds as per requirements. When I told the relatives and the health workers about the news, they felt somewhat relaxed. But the nursing home authority was not able to fulfil patients requirement on time i.e. it takes a lot of time for supplying the emergency beds. So I, as a responsible nursing student suggested our head to suggest the authority to at least call the neighbour nursing home to send their emergency stuffs and doctors, to get rid of this emergency condition (Rolfe et al. 2001). So what? So I felt very much pressure for this condition and I could see the health workers became very much angry on them as they were continuously shouting and became very much restless. Even I also felt anger on them. But for me the most important thing was then, the patients, who were severely injured by the accident. As a nurse my first duty is towards my patients, and as I have been taught that I have always to be assertive in my working area (Dugan, 2012) I had not to be passive or aggressive in this freaking condition as this is my duty. Actually I have been taught that I have to be decisive in this type of emergencies. Heres what I had meant to be assertive I gave my opinion for the situation to the health workers working there and to the relatives present there. I ask for what they want or need. I also listened others opinion too. If I dont want their decisions I disagree it respectfully. I offered my ideas to the working team. I said no without feeling guilty to them. Management actually was not able to give their best as they did not have the emergency supply and it also took a lot of time. The authority on the basis of my suggestion called the neighbour nursing home for their emergency stuffs and doctors and all kind of medicines. And they had appeared to our nursing home as soon as possible and helped us to overcome this freaking condition. So tasks were distributed on individual basis (Perry, Potter Elkin, 2012). I with some other nurse started to first aid the patients who were mildly injured. Persons who did not show any pulses, CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation) and EAR (External Air Resuscitation) had been done on them (Failner, 2011). Persons who cant breathe making them to breathe by clearing their airway (Gooding Furlong, 2002). The other health workers help the severely injured patients to be admitted to the OT (Helmstadter Godden, 2011). In the OT, there were also some nurses to help the doctors (Karch, 2010). At last but not the least some health workers were able to make the patients name list along with their present condition. And soon there was a list of patients who were admitted to the nursing home. Thank God the relatives of patients became calm as soon as they have found their patients name in the list and under the good condition. Healthy and mutual satisfaction of needs in any relationship (that can be between doctors and patients) can only occur between assertive peoples. Assertiveness is an excellent skill for both managing relationships with others and managing relationship with yourself. So here I come, if I had not keep assertiveness at that moment when every relative of patients become restless and uncontrollable and behaving very rude then everything would be unmanageable and going to mess all the thing. But being calm, positive, assertive, confident, decisive, and determined I and my partners, means my co-workers ( everybody including other staff nurse, ward boy, doctors, student nurses and the stuffs of neighbouring nursing home) we came to our success and beat all the difficulties and problems arouses then. Now what? Ultimately our group of health worker achieved a successful result. Actually no patients were dead as all health workers cooperate with each other and made it fruitful. A special mention about to be assertive in nature, as it helps us to understand about the actual need of the condition and how to overcome it. If we did not calm us down then this went to be very worse condition to handle. The nursing home authority apologized to the relatives and made sure them that would never happen as they would soon acquire more emergency beds in their nursing home. As a nurse I felt happy as no patients were dead. And as a human being I have learnt that to be assertive everyone should understand that everyone has a basic requirements and rights and everybody should respect that. Responding passively or aggressively can actually ignore such requirements. More particularly when behaving aggressively the rights are actually abused. On the other hand when it comes to the culture and different human it may vary, as it vary from person to person and culture to culture. Being assertive does not mean that I will get everything in life, which I want to get but assertive people allows other people to wish what they want in life. As in this case I tried to help the patients relatives as well as fulfil my duty as a nurse, and make patients felt relief. But for future perspective and for improvement in future we need special trained health workers with assertive nature to combat this type of situation (Dinh et al, 2012). For a general nursing student it is really very tough to manage all this pressure. But being an assertive natured and trained nurse who has knowledge about this type of situation and how to overcome it and also for assertive nature can actually manage the situation. What Ive learnt from this situation is that Ive to be assertive in any freaking condition. Which can actually help me to overcome the situation. If I or the other health workers could not be assertive then we actually could not overcame the situation. But working together and having faith on each other and being assertive in nature we actually won this horrible condition. I had learned from this incident about the time management in this horrible condition when not only patients but also their relatives become your concern. And actually learned a very good lesson in life, that even in real life we face this type of situation where we lose our temper under some freaking condition which actually make us unhappy, angry, out of control, and even we cant get the solution of our problem (Powers and Knapp, 2012). Being not assertive in nature, people can undergo depression and as we all know that depression can actually make us lose our confidence and self worth (Lindsay, 2002). People not being assertive can actually become very irritable on people around them. So this incident had taught me that if we can be assertive in nature we can actually combat any typical situation in our life. Reference List Bergs, J., Gillet, J. (2012). Comment on a Under-triage as a Significant Factor Affecting Transfer Time between the Emergency Department and the Intensive Care Unit . Journal Of Emergency Nursing, 38(4), 320-321. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2011.09.022 Berman, A., Snyder, S. (2012). Skills in clinical nursing. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson. Dinh, M., Walker, A., Parameswaran, A., Enright, N. (2012). Evaluating the quality of care delivered by an emergency department fast track unit with both nurse practitioners and doctors. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 15(4), 188-194. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2012.09.001 Dugan, D. (2012). Nursing assisting : a foundation in caregiving. Albuquerque, NM: Hartman Pub. Inc. Failner, B. (2011). Nursing 2011 and Beyond. Orthopaedic Nursing, 30(1), 1-2. doi:10.1097/nor.0b013e31820b9e37 Gooding, M., Furlong, W. (2002). Artists, land, nature. New York: Harry N. Abrams. Helmstadter, C., Godden, J. (2011). Nursing before Nightingale, 1815-1899. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub. Karch, A. (2010). 2011 Lippincott's nursing drug guide. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Lindsay, C. (2002). Being assertive. BMJ, 324(7331), 27S-27. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7331.27s Mason, T., Mason-Whitehead, E. (2003). Thinking nursing. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Mathesius, U., Keijzers, G., Natera, S. H., Weinman, J. J., Djordjevic, M. A., Rolfe, B. G. (2001). Establishment of a root proteome reference map for the model legume Medicago truncatula using the expressed sequence tag database for peptide mass fingerprinting.Proteomics,1(11), 1424-1440 Perry, A., Potter, P., Elkin, M. (2012). Nursing interventions clinical skills. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby. Powers, B., Knapp, T. (2011). Dictionary of nursing theory and research. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Sorrentino, S., Remmert, L. (2012). Mosby's textbook for nursing assistants. St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier/Mosby. Vincent, J. (2012). Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine 2012. Berlin: Springer.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Sir Gawain and the Green knight is a story set in the Middle English and was written by an unknown person from West Midlands. He is famed with many other works that were also written around the same period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sir Gawain is the protagonist in the tale. Several events in the story describe his true nature. He foregoes two daunting tests. This is a challenge that he accepts without seeking help from King Arthur’s knights; a challenge to behead the dangerous and feared Green Knight and to allow him retaliate one year after at the Green Chapel. This added to the excitement of committing adultery with Lord Bercilak’s wife. In the real sense, it is at the Green Knight’s abode that Gawain rests on his way to the chapel. This tale is symbolic of life; how it sets trials and dares and the results that arise b ecause of triumphing in passing these challenges. Gawain is a true depiction of heroism in the story due to his zeal and gallantry on how he handled tasks (Peters 2). Sir Gawain is truly, a figurative character in the story. He is symbolic in the way he depicts the innocence of life. He did not fear at all to agree to all challenges since it pointed at salvaging the entire kingdom from the serious effects of anarchism that could arise from the failure of having a central king. His acceptance to a duel against the Green Knight immediately portrayed one of the elements that knighthood stood for. This is the aspect of fearlessness. Individuals accept such dares on a daily basis. Indeed, this could be the basic foundation of the roots of the term â€Å"sticking one’s neck out†. In instances where individuals take up on certain tasks or challenges, many are never prepared to live with the results of an unsuccessful feat. However, Gawain was the opposite of this. Peters says that after the end of one year, he bravely rode his horse and went to the Green chapel. This not only proved that he was fearless but a true hero. This was of course preceded by the caution â€Å"take caution Gawain, that you will not be a deserter of your trial through fear† (178). Throughout his journey, Gawain encounters dangerous situations and self-reluctance in some factors and the undying exploration for the chapel. This sentiment can be exemplified as the inner suffering experienced as a consequence of dealing with personal scruples. The long journey also gauged his faith as he continually prayed throughout his travels. He did not curse or downplay God’s name at any time. Evidently, it is true that the prayers served to keep Gawain sane and committed to the reason of his journey.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gawain’s wishes and prayers are res ponded to when he moves and ends arriving at a location where he could ask for an apparent rest. The castle he finds becomes the setting for his next rest. His main challenge grows as he enjoys his time at the court and discovers that there is a woman who is excited by the prospects of getting to know and understand him in a better way. The woman turns out to be the wife of Lord Bercilak; the Green Knight. This is depicted as a temptation. The woman in question attempts to entice Gawain while her husband is on a hunting expedition. Gawain manages to rebuff her trials except for a single kiss which he talks of in a confession. The woman offers him a sash which is believed to guard anyone who wears it from an apparent harm (Williamson 27). He takes possession of the sash, although reluctantly and does not mention to Lord Bercilak that he got it from his wife. This is because he accords most of his trust in material possession rather than God who can guard him from any form of harm. Mo st of his actions above are representative of his heroism save for this last act which appears to be one of his downfalls in the story. Gawain later heads for the chapel and gets the Green Knight ready for him and honing his axe. Gawain takes a bend over a blow which is immediately feinted by the Knight. This causes Gawain to flinch and he is reprimanded by the knight for that action. The knight goes for the axe again but repeats his earlier trick by feinting the blow. This infuriates Gawain who is not impressed at the playful nature that the knight employs. The knight’s third blow hits Gawain at the back of his neck. He later elaborates that the first two blows that he made are only representative of the exchanges at the court between Gawain and his wife which he rejected, and the last blow was symbolic of the failure of Gawain during the final encounter with the woman where he accepted the sash offered to him as a replacement of his faith he had in God earlier. This action according to the knight can be pardoned and lauds Gawain for indeed being exemplary and one of the most trustworthy individuals he had come across in his life. Peters mentions that the knight commented, â€Å"Gawain was polished of that dilemma and cleansed† (124). This meant that men, in spite of their liabilities and disparities can be pardoned. Gawain sees fault in himself and feels like he has lost the confidence of other people with him. However, he gets forgiveness from his peers. Obviously, even the knight sees Gawain’s heroism basing on what he comments about him. That even in the face of adversities and failures, Gawain can still seek pardon and remorse from peers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gawain’s character in the story is representative of the values of the society in which the texts were written. There was mu ch regard and respect for God’s will and expectation of man to always respect the creator and his rules. Gawain cautiously and skillfully evades a woman’s wiles and tricks that could have led to adultery. This tale has much to do with how a man should lead his life. We are faced with many tests and challenges on a daily basis, and to be pardoned of any of these is indeed normal. This tale will always be reminisced for its intense poetic nature in the way Gawain is handled, and can be utilized as a foundation on which people can judge their actions. Gawain is indeed a man and every one of them has pardonable faults. What is astounding however is that Gawain is a hero based on his actions that are mentioned above. Works Cited Peters, Scott. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Analysis. London: Prentice Hall, 2000. Print. Williamson, Neilson. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Ontario: Middle English Series, 1999. Print. This essay on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written and submitted by user Penel0pe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cinco De Mayo essays

Cinco De Mayo essays The 5th oF May is not an American holiday or Mexican Independence Day, even though it should be. Cinco De Mayo is in commemoration of the defeat of the French army by the Mexicans. This battle took place in Puebla on May 5, 1862. This holiday is more of a regional holiday celebrated in Mexico especially in Puebla. Celebrating Cinco De Mayo has become popular in many parts of the United States. The Mexican government had accumulated many debts to many nations, including England, Spain, and France. These nations were demanding payments. When Mexico no longer made payments, France became eager to own leadership in Mexico. This invasion required France to send in French troops, lead by, Archduke Maximilian of Austria. The French troops began to march on to invade the Gulf of Mexico. Along the way to Mexico City, the French army encountered a strong resistance by the Mexican army, led by General Ignacio Zaragoza Seguin. This Mexican army consisted of about 4,500 soldiers. The French army consisted of over 6,500 soldiers. Yet, the Mexican army was able to defeat the French militia. This was a glorious victory and is the cause of the historical date of Cinco De Mayo. Todays Cinco De Mayo celebration is of Mexican cultures, food, music and its unique Mexican customs. People enjoy seeing the wonderful entertainment the Mexican culture has. Some are the Mariachis and the Folkloric Dancers. The children also enjoy the breaking of the Pinata, which is filled with many candies, confetti and even many types of nuts. This is a wonderful time when different cultures and races come together and show unity. To the Mexican people, Cinco De Mayo represents freedom and liberty. ...

Rationale for Collaboration of Rival Firms Essay

Rationale for Collaboration of Rival Firms - Essay Example For him there is no tension between competition policy that allows collaboration and intellectual property rights and antitrust laws. On the contrary, the competition policy based on pure economic reasoning will at the same time promote innovation of new ideas and new ways of doing things and the firms that facilitate these innovations will reap a great benefit in the process. This type of competition policy also seek to promote co-operation between firms so as to pull funds and ideas together to accelerate economic development which otherwise could have been dragged due to barriers to innovation and the perception of sole ownership of innovative ideas (Teece, 1986, p.297). As widely taken, competition policy affects the very fabrics of competition and business behaviour. The U.S economy impressive performance is linked to the competition that promoted innovations through antitrust policies such as patent rights, intellectual property right, and copyright just to mention a few. The assurance that whatever one invent have a right to enjoy the fruits of it for a given duration of time have been the motivation drive towards more innovation and large investment in R&D. Although the competition policy is seen as in conflict with patents and copy right laws, both works to stimulate innovation and subsequent commercialisation of technologies. Competition policy requires a firm to deal with its competitor through 'essential facilities' doctrine and 'reasonable royalty'. This invites the negotiations that may lead to mergers, license or even joint ventures and alliances. These are rationale of collaboration by rival firms thus improving global economy in the long run (Buckley and Casson, 1988, p.48). Competition policy can be used... The researcher states that competitive markets are widely viewed as major drivers in fostering innovation. Competition regimes are conducive environment for innovation as companies learn from each other various techniques and strategies to improve their service delivery and products from their rivals in order to survive in the market. Nevertheless, global partners impact in bring a change in market structure might be a great impetus to economic growth and the rate of innovation to the countries involved in a global arena in general. The countries therefore are advised to make reasonable and strategic competition policies that allow for a certain degree of collaboration and partnering with rival firms. From the analysis, that was presented in the essay, it is clear that global competition attracts some kind of partnership from the rival firms. Firms’ collaboration promotes innovation as well as creativity and thus propelling global economic growth. The rationality behind collab oration of rival firms is to undertake such projects that require a huge capital and technical investments a single firm cannot be able to sustain. The cooperation is in such a way that each firms will at the end reap some benefits through a well regulated antitrust policy. We have also seen that not all cooperation is meant for the greater good of the society. In conclusion, the researcher states that rival firms collaboration promotes global competition while at the same time it can be anti-competition.

Information System for Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Information System for Managment - Essay Example This paper approves that decision making is the most critical function of management. This is undertaken by a manager at every level from the top to the lowest level of management. Thus in the example of Wal-Mart , the store head, the process manager, the inventory control manager, the sales manager, the personnel and the administration manager will have to take decisions at their individual levels. MIS will provide critical support to each of these managers to enable them to carry out their tasks efficiently. While information is critical, it has be evaluated carefully by the manager at each level and cannot be based purely on that provided by the MIS. Since management is a human and dynamic function, a manager should be able to exercise his judgement in each case and use MIS as a tool for functioning rather than let it override other critical factors. This essay makes a conclusion that Software reliability is frequently based on the needs for which it is put. A Borough Council is not likely to have people who are attuned to functioning in a flexible, information technology rich environment, thus there is a need to train them in both soft and hard skills when such a change over of systems is undertaken. It is apparent that neither the Borough nor the provider of FLARE had taken into account the importance of taking the employees on board which finally resulted in the problems brought out in the case study.

Sas Institute’s “Best Employer Award” Essay Example for Free

Sas Institute’s â€Å"Best Employer Award† Essay SAS Institute’s â€Å"Best Employer Award† is based largely on its financial success and the overwhelming job satisfaction its employees report. From free health care to copious amounts of MMs, SAS spares no cost to keep their â€Å"chief assets† happy, for, as their CEO / majority owner says Contented cows give more milk. Still, today’s talented workers are not apt to spend the majority of their careers at one company because of luxurious perks. The truth is that what seems like random and excessive, is actually a well-crafted and impeccably executed strategy to create an unparalleled work and life environment. SAS is successful in applying the principles of Cognitive Evaluation Theory that emphasize keeping employees’ cognitive attention on intrinsic rewards rather than extrinsic ones. SAS steers clear of Insufficient Justification or Insufficient Punishment by deemphasizing such extrinsic rewards as pay and promotion, and instead emphasizing intrinsic controllable rewards as membership within a community and a way of life. For example, SAS’s unique sick-day policy which, in contrast to industry standards, does not have a set number of allowable sick-days. David Russo states, â€Å"If youre out sick for six months, youll get cards and flowers†, and â€Å"We expect adult behavior. The result is that SAS employees average only two sick days annually. The focus on â€Å"Adult behavior† makes employees feel responsible for their obligation to the company as part of their overall reciprocity for all that the company has done for them. The lack of any real explicit punishment actually creates intrinsic pressure on the individual employee to not to take advantage of the policy in order to keep his self-perception in line with beliefs about being a good and accountable employee. By downplaying pay as an extrinsic reward and gauge of performance, SAS successfully uses Insufficient Justification to help in sidestepping the usual salary comparisons issues. The informational aspect of Cognitive Evaluation Theory is crucial to the understanding of SAS’s unique structure and policies. SAS avoids assigning tasks that have high probability of failure. Also it allows its employees freedom in choosing what to work on. As Goodnight states, â€Å"If theyve grown bored with their job, they have great freedom to move horizontally instead of having to hunt for another employer.† Jenn Mann echoes Goodnight when she states, â€Å"nobody much cares whether you show up at 9 or 11.† Taking the focus off such trivial extrinsic matters frees up employees to focus their attention on intrinsic motivations such as having fun. Self-concordance suggests that these intrinsic motivations are stronger, more internally justifiable and therefore much more likely to make the individual work harder to achieve his goal. SAS uses Needs Theory to focus its recruiting on people who exhibit a high need for affiliation and achievement, while paying close attention to those with an overtly high need for power. To cater to high achievers’ needs managers make sure to assign tasks that are realistically achievable within the prescribed timeframe and the individual’s competencies. Managers provide subordinates with rapid feedback through everyday walking and talking techniques. Praise and recognition are also provided through increasing responsibilities and tasking employees with full ownership of their products including placing their names on the finished product. Knowing that high achievers generally do not possess the gamblers mentality, SAS tailors its incentive package around security and predictability. Bonuses are not emphasized and stock options are not granted. Instead, employees are offered a competitive salary, full 401K contribution and a myriad of non-merit based benefits for thems elves and their families. For those with a high need for power, SAS provides autonomy, a collaborative environment and control over the life-cycle of a product. For example, each employee gets to plan his own schedule. SAS’s thinly staffed management ranks are designed to boost reliance on an honor code that emphasizes, above all else, adult behavior. This produces ample opportunities for employees to take on additional responsibilities. As a result, employees feel a sense of power and control over their work. SAS does differentiate those individuals whose need for control extends to control over others, or whose need for recognition extends to being treated like superstars. David Russo states, â€Å"SAS is not a good place for someone who wants to feel like a star or feel particularly important†. Recruiters reject these want-to-be star applicants because they believe SAS’s structure and environment cannot accommodate their needs. The need for affiliation is nurtured through a work-life balance that stresses community over personal economic gain. As stated in the article, â€Å"The perks are the most obvious manifestation of corporate munificence, but at their core they are only part of a workplace ethos thats based on a degree of trust.† SAS takes advantage of its relative isolation to reinforce its middle class utopian environment. By design, almost all essential services are provided on campus and by SAS employees. This includes healthcare, education, food services, entertainment, recreation and even subsidized housing (near the campus). The company organizes a plethora of extracurricular group activities that encourage collaboration, provide needed support and connects people on a personal level. Its success in satisfying employees Need for Affiliation manifests itself in SAS’s historical low turnover rate. An unfortunate byproduct of SAS’s homogenous environment is its relative lack o f innovation. Innovation, the better use of a novel idea or method, is a crucial element to the growth of a corporation. SAS has indubitably been successful in reshaping its own software and selling it to additional markets, but has not had the same success in branching out and innovating in other areas. Perhaps SAS, a monopoly in the data software industry, has consciously elected to steer clear of this more risky innovation because of financial and social concerns. Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA) model helps explains why today’s SAS, while still being remarkably efficient at providing new or improved software, is not truly a leading innovator. SAS’s pay structure and overall emphasis on a family friendly, low stress environment is a conscious effort to attract the more risk adverse individual. The selection process takes care to repel mavericks who seek power and fame. The problem is that these competitive, challenging personalities are willing to take more chances. SAS is a g reat example of ASA’s chief assertion that â€Å"The People Make the Place†. But while preaching autonomy and individuality, SAS employees are quietly advocating for conformity, cloaked as corporate citizenship. The resulting atmosphere works, through attrition, to weed out any nonconformist. Pushing out dissident voices makes the remaining collective even more homogenous and less likely to innovate. The fact that SAS’s retention at this point is so low is another indication of the high level of homogeneity. The company’s reliance on a small number of working managers makes self-regulation or as they call it â€Å"adult behavior† an essential part of the overall strategy of an employee-regulated firm. Thus, SAS’s focus on attracting and selecting a particular type of risk adverse individual, while allowing attrition to remove dissidence is an effective use of ASA, all be it a rather insensitive one. These polices have essentially forced SAS to outsources the task of innovating to its client base through constant solicitation of fee dback and ideas. Another theory that could explain SAS’s relative weakness in innovation is Equity Theory which focuses on perceptions of fairness. SAS does a good job of shaping their employees perceptions of its overall Organizational Justice through such techniques as the allocation of offices for all, having no executive cafeterias and providing identical health plans for all. The two core principles for SAS are â€Å"†¦that all people at SAS are treated fairly and equally† and â€Å"†¦that the workplace should be fun and people treated with dignity and respect†. The problem is that the two principles are different. The first advocates equality and the latter respect. Treating people with respect and dignity is universally accepted and supports employees’ feelings of Interactional Justice. Equal treatment for all is not universally accepted, and conflicts with the reality of varying levels of individual contributions to a company’s success. Universal equality skews the individual’s perception of Procedural and Distributive Justice. Talented, hardworking employees find it hard to stand out because both the evaluation process and the resulting recognition are purposefully watered down. This lack of strong correlation between risk and reward, input and output makes it less likely that unique innovation will occur b ecause the risk–taking innovator will perceive an inequitable Distributive Justice. The inequitable feeling is compounded by SAS casually defined performance review process which could leave successful innovators feeling a lack of Procedural Justice. Equity theory states that there are four referent comparisons that an employee can use to gauge equitability of his situation. Even if SAS is successful, through isolationist polices, in sheltering its employees from other-outside comparison, it still needs to contend with employees’ past experiences and internal company comparisons. Admittedly, general perception of equality is a major factor in SAS’s tremendous retention rate, but for those few want-to-be superstars it’s a major deterrent to joining the firm. This is evident in the interviewee who stated â€Å"I want to have performance that permits me to do whatever I want. When I walk down the hall, I want to feel like ‘I’m the man.† Who wouldn’t want their stellar performance to lead to more money, autonomy, recognition and better future opportunities? At SAS this potential innovator was quickly ushered out the door. For good or bad, SAS is built around a sense of equality and homogeneity, even if these terms are relative and somewhat reminiscent of an Orwellian Society, where all are equal, but some are just more equal than others. To protect its successful egalitarian culture, SAS would do better to create (like many other have) a separate off-campus RD offshoot. With a distinct culture and a more equitable compensation structure, this entity can compete for innovative talent.

Aeronautical Engineers Essay example -- Papers

Aeronautical Engineers Description Aeronautical engineers apply the principle of science and technology in work with highly sophisticated products such as aircrafts, missiles and space satellites. They usually specialise in research, design manufacture and production, or the management of maintenance programs Qualifications required The usual qualifications for entry into this career is a degree. However, it may be possible to enter with an HND or HNC. Entry to a relevant engineering degree with: * 2/3 A-levels with GCSEs (A-C) 2/3 in other subjects * A relevant GCSE in a vocational subject or Intermediate GNVQ may be acceptable as an alternative to academic GCSEs * At A level, Maths and Physics are often preferred and may be essential. Equivalent qualifications such as an Edexcel (BTEC) or National Certificate or National Diploma or a Vocational A level (Advanced GNVQ) may be acceptable, it may also b advisable to check the prospectus. 1 A-level with 4 GCSEs (A-C). At A level, maths or physics is preferred. Again, equivalent qualifications are usually acceptable. Skills and Qualities necessary * You must be able to combine an analytical, logical approach with creativity and imaginations to solve problems * Engineers must be able to work as part of a team. The ability to encourage other peoples ideas is important, and you must aslope be flexible and able to compromise. You will need strong communication skills to write reports and to explain complex engineering information to people from non-technical backgrounds. * You will need organisationa... ...rlines, the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defence. Some Aeronautical Engineers apply their knowledge of Aeronautical in other areas, for example, in companies that make vehicles such as cares, trains and hovercrafts. You can also work in the communication industry, dealing with satellites, or in construction, dealing with high, winds blown structures. Contacts EMTA, Engineering Careers Information Service (ECIS), Emta House, 14 Upton Road, Watford, Hertfordshire WD18 0JT. (Freephone: 0800 282167)] Telephone :01923 238441 Email: ecis@emta.org.uk Website: www. Enginuity.org.uk Employer Engineering and Physicals Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1ET (Award) Telephone :01793 444100 Email: infoline@epsrc.ac.uk Website: www. epsrc.ac.uk

Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Introduction Chapter 3 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Topics to cover: 1. Introduction 3. Force and Torque 5. Friction 2. Electro-Motive Force (EMF) 4. Doubly-Excited Actuators 6. Mechanical Components Introduction (Cont. ) For energy conversion between electrical and mechanical forms, electromechanical devices are developed. In general, electromechanical energy conversion devices can be divided into three categories: – Transducers (for measurement and control), which transform signals of different forms. Examples are microphones, pickups, and speakers Force producing devices (linear motion devices), which produce forces mostly for linear motion drives, such as relays, solenoids (linear actuators), and electromagnets. – Continuous energy conversion equipment, which operate in rotating mode. A device would be known as a generator if it convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or as a motor if it does the other way around (from electrical to mechanical). Lor entz Force & EMF Lorentz force is the force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. It is given by the following equation in terms of the electric and magnetic fieldsF ? q(E? v? B) The induced emf in a conductor of length l moving with a speed v in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B can be determined by a e ? ?v? B? ? dl ? b In a coil of N turns, the induced emf can be calculated by e ? ? Concept map of electromechanical system modeling d? dt where ? is the flux linkage of the coil and the minus sign indicates that the induced current opposes the variation of the field. It makes no difference whether the variation of the flux linkage is a result of the field variation or coil movement. EMF EMF – Example: EMF in a Linear Actuator – Example SolutionSketch L(x) and calculate the induced emf in the excitation coil for a linear actuator shown below. Assuming infinite permeability for the magnetic core and ignore the fringing effect, we can express the self inductance of the coil as L? x ? ? where Rg ? x? ? N2 ?o N 2 l ?d ? x? ? Rg ? x ? 2g L(x) L(0) 2g ?o ? d ? x? l O is the air gap reluctance. ? e? ? N 2l d? d ? Li ? di dL dx di ? ? L ? i =L? x ? ? i o v 2g dt dt dt dx dt dt EMF – A Single Conductor in a Uniform Field e ? ? I dc If i=Imsin? t , e? Force and Torque – Example Solution (Cont. ) If i=Idc , ?o N 2 l 2g ? Im ? Im ?o N 2l 2gFor a single conductor in a uniform magnetic field, we have v ? d ? x I m cos ? t ? vI m sin ? t ?o N l 2 2g ?o N 2 l 2g d Fm ? Il ? B ?o N 2 l In a rotating system, the torque about an axis can be calculated by 2g d ? x cos? t ? v sin ? t ? ? T? r ? Fm v ? ? ? ? d ? x ? ? ? ? d ? x ? 2 ? 2 ? v 2 cos t ? arctan? ? where r is the radius vector from the axis towards the conductor. B Fm l I X Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator Consider a singly excited linear actuator. After a time interval dt, we notice that the plunger has moved for a distance dx under the action of the force F.The mechanical work done by the force acting on the plunger during this time interval is thus dWm ? Fdx Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator The amount of electrical energy that has been transferred into the magnetic field and converted into the mechanical work during dt is dWe ? dWf ? dWm ; dWe ? eidt ? vidt? Ri2dt e ? d? dt ? v ? Ri Because dWf ? dW ? dW ? eidt ? Fdx ? id? ? Fdx e m we obtain From the total differential dW f ? ? , x ? ? ? W f , x ? i? Therefore, ? W f , x ? d? ? and ? W f , x ? ?x F dx ?W f ? ? , x ? ?x Force and Torque Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator (Cont. ) A Singly Excited Actuator (Cont. ) From the knowledge of electromagnetics, the energy stored in a magnetic field can be expressed as ? Wf ? ? , x? ? ? i? ? , x? d? In the diagram below, it is shown that the magnetic energy is equivalent to the area above the magnetization or ? -i curve. Mathematically, if we define the area underneath the magnetization curve a s the coenergy (which does not exist physically), i. e. 0 For a magnetically linear (with a constant permeability or a straight line magnetization curve such that the inductance of the coil is independent of the excitation current) system, the above expression becomes 1 ? Wf ? ?, x? ? 2 L? x? and the force acting on the plunger is then F ?Wf ? ?, x? ?x 1 ? ? ? dL? x? 1 2 dL? x? ?i 2 ? L? x? ? dx 2 dx ? 2 we can obtain Wf ‘ ? i, x? ? i? ?Wf , x? ? Wf (? , x ) dW f ‘ ? i , x ? ? ? di ? id? ? dW f ? ? , x ? ? ? di ? Fdx Therefore, ? ?W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?i ? W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?i di ? and ?W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?x F? dx ? W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?x (? , i ) Wf ‘ ( i, x ) O i Force and Torque Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator (Cont. ) – Example 1 Calculate the force acting on the plunger of a linear actuator as shown below. From the definition, the coenergy can be calculated by iWf ‘ ? i , x? ? ? ? ? i , x? di ? 0 Wf ‘ ? i, x? ? ? (? , i ) Wf (? , x ) For a magnetically linear system, the above expression becomes Rg 1 L? x? i 2 2 Ni Wf ‘ ( i, x ) Rg and the force acting on the plunger is then F? ?Wf ‘ ? i , x ? ?x 1 dL? x ? ? i2 dx 2 O i (c) Force and Torque Force and Torque – Singly Excited Rotating Actuator – Solution to Example 1 Assume infinite permeability for the actuator core. The self inductance of the excitation winding can be readily obtained as L? x? ? N 2 ? o N 2l? d ? x? ? 2Rg 2g Therefore, the force acting on the plunger is F? ? Rg Ni ?l 1 2 dL ? x ? 2 i ? ? o ? Ni ? 2 dx 4gThe minus sign of the force indicates that the direction of the force is to reduce the displacement so as to reduce the reluctance of the air gaps. Since this force is caused by the variation of magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit, it is known as the reluctance force. Rg The singly excited linear actuator becomes a singly excited rotating actuator if the linearly movable plunger is repla ced by a rotor. Through a derivation similar to that for a singly excited linear actuator, one can readily obtain that the torque acting on the rotor can be expressed as the negative partial derivative of the energy stored in the agnetic field against the angular displacement or as the positive partial derivative of the coenergy against the angular displacement. Force and Torque Solution b) Voltage induced – Example †¢ The magnetically-linear electro-mechanical circuit breaker as shown is singly-excited via a N-turn coil. Its magnetic reluctance varies with the angle ? as R ? Rm? ? R0 , where Rm and R0 are constant. †¢ Derive the torque developed by the field from the system co-energy. †¢ When the device is excited with a direct current i=I, the angular displacement increases quadratically as ? ?t ? ? 1 ? t 2 ? ?t ? ? 0 , 2 where ? ? and ? 0 are constant. Find the voltage induced in the coil . Singly Excited Rotating Actuator Total turns, N = N1 + N2 Frame relu ctance Rf ? rf 2 Gap reluctance Rg ? 2rg ? ? lf 2? 0 ? r wd 2lg ?0rd (2? ? ? ) , 2? ? 760 ? 1. 33 rad Rg(? ) Rcore ?g Rarmature Fm=Ni e(t ) ? ? N 2 IRm (? t ? ? ) [ R0 ? Rm 1 ? t 2 ? ?t ? ? 0 ]2 2 ? Singly Excited Rotating Actuator ? Singly Excited Rotating Actuator airgap length, lg = 0. 001 m airgap radius, r = 0. 0745 m airgap depth, d = 0. 0255 m frame length lf = 0. 496 m limb width w = 0. 024 m Singly Excited Rotating Actuator ? (? ) ? T? ? NI R f ? Rg (? ) lf Rf ? 2 ? ? r wd Magnetic flux at equilibrium : ? NI ?0 ? ? ? R (? ) ? R f ?g ? ? ?0 NI lf 2 ? 0 ? r wd ? lg ?0rd? ? , Rg ? 2l g ?W f? ? ? ? N2 ? ?, ? R (? ) ? R ? f? ?g dRg dRg 2l g sign(? ) , where ? d? d? ?0 rd (2? ? ? )2 1 2 ? L(? ) 1 2 ? I ?I 2 2 122 ?1 IN 2 ?Rg (? ) ? R f ? 2 2l Rr sign(? ) 1 ? ? I 2N 2 , where Rr ? g 2 2 ?0 rd 4 ?Rg (? ) ? R f ? (2? ? ? ) ?0 rd (2? ? ? ) Restoring Torque ?1, x ? 0 sign ( x ) ? ? 1, x ? 0 NI? 0d lf l ?g 2 ? r w r? Force and Torque Singly Excited Rotating Actuator – Sing ly Excited Rotating Actuator (Cont. ) Torque Nm Flux mWb Flux, Torque for 2-pole motorEnergy In g eneral, 1. 5 Coenergy dW f ? id? ? Td ? dW f ‘ ? ? di ? Td ? ? i W f ? ? , ? ? ? ? i ? ? , ? ?d ? W f ‘ ? i , ? ? ? ? ? ?i , ? ?di ?W f ? ? , ? ? i? ?W f ? ? , ? ? T ?W f ‘ ? i , ? ? ?i ?W f ‘ ? i , ? ? T? 0 1. 0 mWb, Nm 0. 5 0 If the permeability is a constant, W f , ? ? ? 0. 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 rotor angle 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 1 ? 2 2 L ? 1 ? ? ? dL ? 1 2 dL ? ?i 2 ? L ? ? d ? 2 d? ? ? W f ‘ ? i , ? ? ? 2 T? T? 12 i L ? 2 1 2 dL ? i 2 d? Force and Torque Force and Torque – Doubly Excited Rotating Actuator – Doubly Excited Rotating Actuator (Cont. If a second winding is placed on the rotor, the singly excited actuator becomes a doubly excited actuator. The general principle for force and torque calculation discussed here is equally applicable to multi-excited systems. The differential energy and coenergy functions can be derived as dW f ? dWe ? dWm where dWe ? e1i1dt ? e2 i2 dt , e1 ? d? 1 dt , e2 ? d ? 2 dt , and dWm ? Td ? Hence, dW f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? i1d ? 1 ? i2 d ? 2 ? Td ? ? and ? W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? d ? 1 ? d ? 2 ? d? 1 2 ? ? dW f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? ? d i1 ? 1 ? i 2 ? 2 ? W f ? 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? ?1 di1 ? ?2 di 2 ? T d ? ? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? Therefore, T ? i1 di1 ? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? ?Wf 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? i2 or di 2 ? T? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? Force and Torque – Doubly Excited Rotating Actuator (Cont. ) – Example 3 ? ? L? 1 For magnetically linear systems, ? ? 1 ? ? L11 ? ? ? L ? 2? ? 21 L 1 2 ? ? i1 ? L 22 ? ?i2 ? ? ? i1 ? ? ? 11 ?i ? ? ? ? ? 2? ? 21 or ? 1 2 ? ? ? 1 ? ? 22 ? ? ? 2 ? ? The magnetic energy and coenergy can then be expressed as W f ? ?1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? Therefore, d? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i2 , ? ? Force and Torque and 1 1 2 ? 1 1 ? 12 ? 2 2 ? 2 ? ? 1 2 ? 1 ? 2 2 2 W f ‘ ? i 1 , i 2 , ? 1 1 L 1 1 i 12 ? L i 2 ? L 1 2 i1i 2 2 2 22 2 ? W f ‘ ? i 1 , i 2 , ? ? 1 2 d L 1 1 ? 1 2 d L 2 2 ? d L 1 2 ? ? i1 ? i2 ? i1i 2 2 2 T ?W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? A magnetically-linear doubly-fed electromechanical actuator has two windings and a mechanical output with spatial rotary displacement ?. The self and mutual inductances of the windings are respectively L11 ? ? 5 ? cos(2? ) mH, L22 ? ? 50 ? 10 cos(2? ) mH, and L12 ? ? L21 ? ? 100 cos? mH. Brushless doubly-fed machine The first winding is supplied with i1 = 1. A while the second winding draws i2 = 20 mA. Determine: a) The general electromagnetic torque of the actuator as a function of ? . b) The maximum torque that the actuator can develop. Solution to Example 3 (a) Solution to Example 3 (cont. ) The  energy  stored  at  the  doubly? fed  actuator  is, 1 1 2 2 W f ? L11i1 ? L12 i1i2 ? L22 i2 2 2 1 1 ?3 2 ?3 2 ? (5 ? cos 2? ) ? 10 i1 ? (0. 1cos? )i1i2 ? (50 ? 10 cos 2? ) ? 10 i2 2 2 The  ex pression  of  electromagnetic  torque  is  obtained  as  follows:   ? ?W f (i1 , i2 ,? ) T ? i1 ? 1. 5, i2 ? 0. 02 ? 2 2 1 ? (i1 L11 ) ? (i1i2 L12 ) 1 ? (i2 L22 ) ? ? ? 2 2 1 1 (1. 5) 2 ( ? 2 sin 2? ) ? 10 ? 3 ? (1. 5)(0. 02)(? 0. 1sin ? ) ? (0. 02) 2 ( ? 20 sin 2? ) ? 10 ? 3 2 2 ?3 ? ? ( 2. 25 sin 2? ? 3 sin ? ) ? 10 Why Magnetic Field? Ratio of Electric and Magnetic Energy Densities in the air gap we ? 0 ? 0 E 2 1 ? ? wm B2 3. 6 ? 10 5 †¢ Saturation Flux Density Bs = 2T in commonlyused magnetic materials †¢ Air breakdown voltage Ebd=1,000,000 V/m b) At  maximum  torque, dT ?0 d? Differentiating  T  from  part  (a), 4. 5 cos 2? ? 3 cos ? ? 0 ? 1. 5 cos 2? ? cos ? ? 0 or               1. 5( 2 cos 2 ? ? 1) ? cos? ? 0 Solving  for  ? by  the  quadratic  formula, ?  =  55. 94 °Ã‚  and  153. 25 °Ã‚  (extraneous)Substituting  the  value  of  ? into  the  torque  expression  yields, T(max) ? ?(2. 25 s in 2(55. 94) ? 3 sin(55. 94)) ? 10 ? 3 ? ?4. 57 ? 10 ? 3 Nm Electric Machines †¢ Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. †¢ The reverse task, that of converting mechanical motion into electrical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. †¢ In many cases the two devices differ only in their application and minor construction details, and some applications use a single device to fill both roles. For example, traction motors used on locomotive often perform both tasks if the locomotive is equipped with ynamic brakes. Introduction Electric Motors Electric Machine Insulation Class DC Motors Universal (DC/AC) AC Motors †¢ Induction †¢ Synchronous Stepping Motors Brushless DC Motors Coreless DC Motors Linear Motors MEMS Nano Motors †¢ A critical factor in the reduced life of electrical equipment is heat. The type of insulation used in a motor depends on the operating temperature that the motor will experience. †¢ Average insulation life decreases rapidly with increases in motor internal operating temperatures. †¢ Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion: Lorentz force on any wire when it is onducting electricity while contained within a magnetic field †¢ Rotor: rotating part †¢ Stator: stationary part †¢ Armature: part of the motor across which the voltage is supplied MaglevMagnetic Levitation Three phase AC induction motors rated 1 Hp (750 W) and 25 W with small motors from CD player, toy and CD/DVD drive reader head traverse DC Generators / Dynamos AC Generators / Alternators As the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry, the dynamo uses electromagnetic principles to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through the use of a commutator.Without a commutator, the dynamo is an example of an alternator, which is a synchronous singly-fed generator. With an electromechanical commutator, the dynamo is a classical direct current (DC) generator. The DC generator can operate at any speed within mechanical limits but always outputs a direct current waveform. Mechanical energy is used to rotate the coil (N turns, area A) at uniform angular velocity ? in the magnetic field B, it will produce a sinusoidal emf in the coil: Permanent Magnet DC Generators d? d ? ? ( NBA cos ? ) dt dt ? NBA? sin ? t e(t ) ? ? http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/electromag/java/generator/dc. tml Automotive alternator Rotor emf and current are induced by rotating magnetic field http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/electromag/java/generator/ac. html Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Mass and Inertia The mechanical component which stores kinetic energy is a mass in a translational system, and a moment of inertia in a rotational system. – Mass and Inertia (Cont. ) The kinetic energy stored by a mass moving at a velocity v, or a moment of inertia rotating at an angular speed ?. can be calculated by ? x M T F J Wk ? 1 Mv2 2 d? d 2? T? J 2 ? J dt dt dv d 2x F? M ?M dt 2 dt 1 J? 2 2 (translational system) rotational system) Comparing with the relationships of voltage, current, and magnetic energy in an inductor: V? L By the Newton’s second law, we have Wk ? or di dt and WL ? 1 Li2 2 we may regard a mass or a moment of inertia as an inductor which stores magnetic energy, if we let J? L M? L or Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Springs An ideal spring is a device with negligible mass and mechanical losses, whose deformation is a single-valued function of the applied force or torque. A linear ideal spring has deformation proportional to force or ? 1 torque. – Springs (Cont. ) For a given distortion of x and ? the potential energy stored in a spring is 1 1 W p ? ? Td ? ? K ? 2 W p ? ? Fdx ? Kx 2 T x1 F ? K ? x 1 ? x o ? ? Kx (linear spring) (torsional spring) Comparing with the relationships of electric charge, voltage and electric energy in a capacito r: Q V? C F 2 2 WC ? and 1 1 Q2 VQ ? 2 2C we may regard a spring as an electric capacitor which stores electric potential energy, if we let T ? K 1 ? ?o ? ? K ? K? 1 C Friction Friction Modelling Friction: force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact. Friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into heat.Coefficient of friction (Frictional coefficient): dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together, needs not be less than 1 – under good conditions, a tire on concrete may have a coefficient of friction of 1. 7. Static friction (stiction) occurs when the two objects are not moving relative to each other: Rolling friction occuring when one object â€Å"rolls† on another (like a car's wheels on the ground), is stiction as the patch of the tire in contact with the ground, at any point while the tire spins, is stationary relati ve to the ground.Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together: – Sliding friction is when two objects are rubbing against each other. – Fluid friction is the friction between a solid object as it moves through a liquid or a gas. The drag of air on an airplane or of water on a swimmer are two examples of fluid friction. Lu-Gre Model (1995): ? 0 , ? 1 bristles’ stiffness and damping coefficient ?2 viscous friction FC , F S Coulomb and Stribeck friction ? F f ? ? 0 z ? ? 1z ? ? 2v ? z? v? v z g (v ) 2 1 g (v ) ? [ FC ? ( F S ? FC ) e ? v / v S ) ] ?0 Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Damper The mechanical damper is analogous to electrical resistor in that it dissipates energy as heat. An ideal damper is a device that exhibits no mass or spring effect and exerts a force that is a function of the relative velocity between its two parts. A linear ideal damper has a force proportional to the relative velocity. In all cases a damper produces a force that opposes the relative motion of the two parts. Mechanical friction occurs in a variety of situations under many different physical conditions.Sometimes friction is unwanted but must be tolerated and accounted for analytically, as, for example, in bearings, sliding electrical contacts, and the aerodynamic drag on a moving body. In other cases friction is desired and is designed into equipment. Examples are vibration dampers and shock absorbers. d ? x2 ? x1 ? dt dx ?B dt F? B ? B? R d 2 ? ?1 ? dt d? ?B dt T? B – Damper (Cont. ) Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Damper (Cont. ) The damping due to Coulomb friction, as shown by the characteristic, can be regarded as a nonlinear resistor, which can keep the voltage across it to be constant.The Coulomb friction force can be expressed as – Damper (Cont. ) There is another kind of damping caused by the drag of a viscous fluid in turbulent flow. 2 F ? ? Bs d x2 ? x1 dt F ? ?d Fn ? ? d Fn d ? x2 ? x1 ? dt ? ? ? Bs dx dt d ? x2 ? x1 ? dt ? 2 ? R ? B s dx dt dx dt ? dx dt or T ? ? Bs d 2 ? ?1 ? dt Comparing with V=RI, we may conclude that ?F R? d n dx dt ? ? ? Bs d? dt ? ? 2 2 ? R ? B s d ? dt MR Dampers as a semi-active device MR Damper New Models Non-symmetrical Model (2007) ? F ( x) ? c0 x ? ko ( x ? x0 ) ? ?z ? ? ? z ? (? ? ( ? ? ? sign( zx) z ) x n : hysteresis variable, ? , ? , ? , ? , n, c0 , k0 : model parameters Bouc-Wen Model: ? F ( x ) ? c0 x ? k o ( x ? x0 ) ? ? z ? ? ? ? z ? ? ? z | x || z | n ? 1 ? ? x | z | n ? ? x z: hysteresis variable , ? , ? , ? , ? , n , c 0 , k 0 : model parameters Static Hysteresis Model (2006) ? F ( x) ? cx ? kx ? ?z ? f 0 ? z ? tanh( ? x ? sign( x)) z : hysteresis variable, ? , ? , f 0 , c, k : model parameters Minimally-Parameterised Model (2007) ? F : G ( x ) ? D ( x ), F ( x) ? ? 1 ? F2 : G ( x ) ? D ( x ), b G ( x) ? a ? ? 1 ? exp ( cx ) ? D ( x ) ? rexp{? ( x / 2? ) 2 } ? 0 x ? 0, x

What Is The Pioneer Of An Atfolios - 1168 Words

Organization composing reveals that speculations have been refined and changed with segment of time and none of the theory is absolutely unnecessary. As indicated, congruity depends on upon the setting in that it is associated. The kind of organization associated in limits including abnormal state of precision, assurance level, affectability, mind and concentrated capacity may be not the same as in clear organization orchestrated portfolios, as one that does not fit all heads (Dess, and Picken, 2000). It infers that conditions, settings, culture, working condition, new laws and bearings, information over-weight, various leveled complexities and psycho-socio upgrades astoundingly influence the organization thought along these lines, making†¦show more content†¦Transformational pioneers animate others to finish more than they at first proposed and consistently a great deal more than they thought possible. They set all the more troublesome cravings and consistently finish highe r execution. Truthfully, transformational activity tends to have more devoted and satisfied followers. This is generally so in light of the fact that transformational pioneers connect with enthusiasts. Esteem based Leadership Style Esteem based expert style contains three sections; surprising prize, organization by-exception (dynamic) and organization by-extraordinary case An esteem based pioneer takes after the arrangement of unexpected prizes to reveal execution yearning to the fans and recognizes awesome execution. Esteem based place stock in legitimately restricting understandings as fundamental partners (Bass, 1985) and use outward rewards toward redesigning supporters motivation. The composition revealed that the esteem based style ruins creative ability and can inimically affect laborers work satisfaction. Organization by-exceptional case clears up pioneers direct with deference capable acknowledgment of deviations from expected supporters lead. The utilization of both styles changes from situation to condition and setting to setting. The conditions including abnormal state of