Aeronautical Engineers Essay example -- Papers

Aeronautical Engineers Description Aeronautical engineers apply the principle of science and technology in work with highly sophisticated products such as aircrafts, missiles and space satellites. They usually specialise in research, design manufacture and production, or the management of maintenance programs Qualifications required The usual qualifications for entry into this career is a degree. However, it may be possible to enter with an HND or HNC. Entry to a relevant engineering degree with: * 2/3 A-levels with GCSEs (A-C) 2/3 in other subjects * A relevant GCSE in a vocational subject or Intermediate GNVQ may be acceptable as an alternative to academic GCSEs * At A level, Maths and Physics are often preferred and may be essential. Equivalent qualifications such as an Edexcel (BTEC) or National Certificate or National Diploma or a Vocational A level (Advanced GNVQ) may be acceptable, it may also b advisable to check the prospectus. 1 A-level with 4 GCSEs (A-C). At A level, maths or physics is preferred. Again, equivalent qualifications are usually acceptable. Skills and Qualities necessary * You must be able to combine an analytical, logical approach with creativity and imaginations to solve problems * Engineers must be able to work as part of a team. The ability to encourage other peoples ideas is important, and you must aslope be flexible and able to compromise. You will need strong communication skills to write reports and to explain complex engineering information to people from non-technical backgrounds. * You will need organisationa... ...rlines, the Armed Forces and the Ministry of Defence. Some Aeronautical Engineers apply their knowledge of Aeronautical in other areas, for example, in companies that make vehicles such as cares, trains and hovercrafts. You can also work in the communication industry, dealing with satellites, or in construction, dealing with high, winds blown structures. Contacts EMTA, Engineering Careers Information Service (ECIS), Emta House, 14 Upton Road, Watford, Hertfordshire WD18 0JT. (Freephone: 0800 282167)] Telephone :01923 238441 Email: ecis@emta.org.uk Website: www. Enginuity.org.uk Employer Engineering and Physicals Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1ET (Award) Telephone :01793 444100 Email: infoline@epsrc.ac.uk Website: www. epsrc.ac.uk

Electromechanical Energy Conversion

Introduction Chapter 3 Electromechanical Energy Conversion Topics to cover: 1. Introduction 3. Force and Torque 5. Friction 2. Electro-Motive Force (EMF) 4. Doubly-Excited Actuators 6. Mechanical Components Introduction (Cont. ) For energy conversion between electrical and mechanical forms, electromechanical devices are developed. In general, electromechanical energy conversion devices can be divided into three categories: – Transducers (for measurement and control), which transform signals of different forms. Examples are microphones, pickups, and speakers Force producing devices (linear motion devices), which produce forces mostly for linear motion drives, such as relays, solenoids (linear actuators), and electromagnets. – Continuous energy conversion equipment, which operate in rotating mode. A device would be known as a generator if it convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or as a motor if it does the other way around (from electrical to mechanical). Lor entz Force & EMF Lorentz force is the force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. It is given by the following equation in terms of the electric and magnetic fieldsF ? q(E? v? B) The induced emf in a conductor of length l moving with a speed v in a uniform magnetic field of flux density B can be determined by a e ? ?v? B? ? dl ? b In a coil of N turns, the induced emf can be calculated by e ? ? Concept map of electromechanical system modeling d? dt where ? is the flux linkage of the coil and the minus sign indicates that the induced current opposes the variation of the field. It makes no difference whether the variation of the flux linkage is a result of the field variation or coil movement. EMF EMF – Example: EMF in a Linear Actuator – Example SolutionSketch L(x) and calculate the induced emf in the excitation coil for a linear actuator shown below. Assuming infinite permeability for the magnetic core and ignore the fringing effect, we can express the self inductance of the coil as L? x ? ? where Rg ? x? ? N2 ?o N 2 l ?d ? x? ? Rg ? x ? 2g L(x) L(0) 2g ?o ? d ? x? l O is the air gap reluctance. ? e? ? N 2l d? d ? Li ? di dL dx di ? ? L ? i =L? x ? ? i o v 2g dt dt dt dx dt dt EMF – A Single Conductor in a Uniform Field e ? ? I dc If i=Imsin? t , e? Force and Torque – Example Solution (Cont. ) If i=Idc , ?o N 2 l 2g ? Im ? Im ?o N 2l 2gFor a single conductor in a uniform magnetic field, we have v ? d ? x I m cos ? t ? vI m sin ? t ?o N l 2 2g ?o N 2 l 2g d Fm ? Il ? B ?o N 2 l In a rotating system, the torque about an axis can be calculated by 2g d ? x cos? t ? v sin ? t ? ? T? r ? Fm v ? ? ? ? d ? x ? ? ? ? d ? x ? 2 ? 2 ? v 2 cos t ? arctan? ? where r is the radius vector from the axis towards the conductor. B Fm l I X Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator Consider a singly excited linear actuator. After a time interval dt, we notice that the plunger has moved for a distance dx under the action of the force F.The mechanical work done by the force acting on the plunger during this time interval is thus dWm ? Fdx Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator The amount of electrical energy that has been transferred into the magnetic field and converted into the mechanical work during dt is dWe ? dWf ? dWm ; dWe ? eidt ? vidt? Ri2dt e ? d? dt ? v ? Ri Because dWf ? dW ? dW ? eidt ? Fdx ? id? ? Fdx e m we obtain From the total differential dW f ? ? , x ? ? ? W f , x ? i? Therefore, ? W f , x ? d? ? and ? W f , x ? ?x F dx ?W f ? ? , x ? ?x Force and Torque Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator (Cont. ) A Singly Excited Actuator (Cont. ) From the knowledge of electromagnetics, the energy stored in a magnetic field can be expressed as ? Wf ? ? , x? ? ? i? ? , x? d? In the diagram below, it is shown that the magnetic energy is equivalent to the area above the magnetization or ? -i curve. Mathematically, if we define the area underneath the magnetization curve a s the coenergy (which does not exist physically), i. e. 0 For a magnetically linear (with a constant permeability or a straight line magnetization curve such that the inductance of the coil is independent of the excitation current) system, the above expression becomes 1 ? Wf ? ?, x? ? 2 L? x? and the force acting on the plunger is then F ?Wf ? ?, x? ?x 1 ? ? ? dL? x? 1 2 dL? x? ?i 2 ? L? x? ? dx 2 dx ? 2 we can obtain Wf ‘ ? i, x? ? i? ?Wf , x? ? Wf (? , x ) dW f ‘ ? i , x ? ? ? di ? id? ? dW f ? ? , x ? ? ? di ? Fdx Therefore, ? ?W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?i ? W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?i di ? and ?W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?x F? dx ? W f ‘ ? i , x ? ?x (? , i ) Wf ‘ ( i, x ) O i Force and Torque Force and Torque – A Singly Excited Actuator (Cont. ) – Example 1 Calculate the force acting on the plunger of a linear actuator as shown below. From the definition, the coenergy can be calculated by iWf ‘ ? i , x? ? ? ? ? i , x? di ? 0 Wf ‘ ? i, x? ? ? (? , i ) Wf (? , x ) For a magnetically linear system, the above expression becomes Rg 1 L? x? i 2 2 Ni Wf ‘ ( i, x ) Rg and the force acting on the plunger is then F? ?Wf ‘ ? i , x ? ?x 1 dL? x ? ? i2 dx 2 O i (c) Force and Torque Force and Torque – Singly Excited Rotating Actuator – Solution to Example 1 Assume infinite permeability for the actuator core. The self inductance of the excitation winding can be readily obtained as L? x? ? N 2 ? o N 2l? d ? x? ? 2Rg 2g Therefore, the force acting on the plunger is F? ? Rg Ni ?l 1 2 dL ? x ? 2 i ? ? o ? Ni ? 2 dx 4gThe minus sign of the force indicates that the direction of the force is to reduce the displacement so as to reduce the reluctance of the air gaps. Since this force is caused by the variation of magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit, it is known as the reluctance force. Rg The singly excited linear actuator becomes a singly excited rotating actuator if the linearly movable plunger is repla ced by a rotor. Through a derivation similar to that for a singly excited linear actuator, one can readily obtain that the torque acting on the rotor can be expressed as the negative partial derivative of the energy stored in the agnetic field against the angular displacement or as the positive partial derivative of the coenergy against the angular displacement. Force and Torque Solution b) Voltage induced – Example †¢ The magnetically-linear electro-mechanical circuit breaker as shown is singly-excited via a N-turn coil. Its magnetic reluctance varies with the angle ? as R ? Rm? ? R0 , where Rm and R0 are constant. †¢ Derive the torque developed by the field from the system co-energy. †¢ When the device is excited with a direct current i=I, the angular displacement increases quadratically as ? ?t ? ? 1 ? t 2 ? ?t ? ? 0 , 2 where ? ? and ? 0 are constant. Find the voltage induced in the coil . Singly Excited Rotating Actuator Total turns, N = N1 + N2 Frame relu ctance Rf ? rf 2 Gap reluctance Rg ? 2rg ? ? lf 2? 0 ? r wd 2lg ?0rd (2? ? ? ) , 2? ? 760 ? 1. 33 rad Rg(? ) Rcore ?g Rarmature Fm=Ni e(t ) ? ? N 2 IRm (? t ? ? ) [ R0 ? Rm 1 ? t 2 ? ?t ? ? 0 ]2 2 ? Singly Excited Rotating Actuator ? Singly Excited Rotating Actuator airgap length, lg = 0. 001 m airgap radius, r = 0. 0745 m airgap depth, d = 0. 0255 m frame length lf = 0. 496 m limb width w = 0. 024 m Singly Excited Rotating Actuator ? (? ) ? T? ? NI R f ? Rg (? ) lf Rf ? 2 ? ? r wd Magnetic flux at equilibrium : ? NI ?0 ? ? ? R (? ) ? R f ?g ? ? ?0 NI lf 2 ? 0 ? r wd ? lg ?0rd? ? , Rg ? 2l g ?W f? ? ? ? N2 ? ?, ? R (? ) ? R ? f? ?g dRg dRg 2l g sign(? ) , where ? d? d? ?0 rd (2? ? ? )2 1 2 ? L(? ) 1 2 ? I ?I 2 2 122 ?1 IN 2 ?Rg (? ) ? R f ? 2 2l Rr sign(? ) 1 ? ? I 2N 2 , where Rr ? g 2 2 ?0 rd 4 ?Rg (? ) ? R f ? (2? ? ? ) ?0 rd (2? ? ? ) Restoring Torque ?1, x ? 0 sign ( x ) ? ? 1, x ? 0 NI? 0d lf l ?g 2 ? r w r? Force and Torque Singly Excited Rotating Actuator – Sing ly Excited Rotating Actuator (Cont. ) Torque Nm Flux mWb Flux, Torque for 2-pole motorEnergy In g eneral, 1. 5 Coenergy dW f ? id? ? Td ? dW f ‘ ? ? di ? Td ? ? i W f ? ? , ? ? ? ? i ? ? , ? ?d ? W f ‘ ? i , ? ? ? ? ? ?i , ? ?di ?W f ? ? , ? ? i? ?W f ? ? , ? ? T ?W f ‘ ? i , ? ? ?i ?W f ‘ ? i , ? ? T? 0 1. 0 mWb, Nm 0. 5 0 If the permeability is a constant, W f , ? ? ? 0. 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 rotor angle 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 1 ? 2 2 L ? 1 ? ? ? dL ? 1 2 dL ? ?i 2 ? L ? ? d ? 2 d? ? ? W f ‘ ? i , ? ? ? 2 T? T? 12 i L ? 2 1 2 dL ? i 2 d? Force and Torque Force and Torque – Doubly Excited Rotating Actuator – Doubly Excited Rotating Actuator (Cont. If a second winding is placed on the rotor, the singly excited actuator becomes a doubly excited actuator. The general principle for force and torque calculation discussed here is equally applicable to multi-excited systems. The differential energy and coenergy functions can be derived as dW f ? dWe ? dWm where dWe ? e1i1dt ? e2 i2 dt , e1 ? d? 1 dt , e2 ? d ? 2 dt , and dWm ? Td ? Hence, dW f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? i1d ? 1 ? i2 d ? 2 ? Td ? ? and ? W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? d ? 1 ? d ? 2 ? d? 1 2 ? ? dW f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? ? d i1 ? 1 ? i 2 ? 2 ? W f ? 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? ?1 di1 ? ?2 di 2 ? T d ? ? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? Therefore, T ? i1 di1 ? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? ?Wf 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? i2 or di 2 ? T? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i 2 , ? ? Force and Torque – Doubly Excited Rotating Actuator (Cont. ) – Example 3 ? ? L? 1 For magnetically linear systems, ? ? 1 ? ? L11 ? ? ? L ? 2? ? 21 L 1 2 ? ? i1 ? L 22 ? ?i2 ? ? ? i1 ? ? ? 11 ?i ? ? ? ? ? 2? ? 21 or ? 1 2 ? ? ? 1 ? ? 22 ? ? ? 2 ? ? The magnetic energy and coenergy can then be expressed as W f ? ?1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? Therefore, d? ? W f ‘ ? i1 , i2 , ? ? Force and Torque and 1 1 2 ? 1 1 ? 12 ? 2 2 ? 2 ? ? 1 2 ? 1 ? 2 2 2 W f ‘ ? i 1 , i 2 , ? 1 1 L 1 1 i 12 ? L i 2 ? L 1 2 i1i 2 2 2 22 2 ? W f ‘ ? i 1 , i 2 , ? ? 1 2 d L 1 1 ? 1 2 d L 2 2 ? d L 1 2 ? ? i1 ? i2 ? i1i 2 2 2 T ?W f 1 , ? 2 , ? ? ? A magnetically-linear doubly-fed electromechanical actuator has two windings and a mechanical output with spatial rotary displacement ?. The self and mutual inductances of the windings are respectively L11 ? ? 5 ? cos(2? ) mH, L22 ? ? 50 ? 10 cos(2? ) mH, and L12 ? ? L21 ? ? 100 cos? mH. Brushless doubly-fed machine The first winding is supplied with i1 = 1. A while the second winding draws i2 = 20 mA. Determine: a) The general electromagnetic torque of the actuator as a function of ? . b) The maximum torque that the actuator can develop. Solution to Example 3 (a) Solution to Example 3 (cont. ) The  energy  stored  at  the  doubly? fed  actuator  is, 1 1 2 2 W f ? L11i1 ? L12 i1i2 ? L22 i2 2 2 1 1 ?3 2 ?3 2 ? (5 ? cos 2? ) ? 10 i1 ? (0. 1cos? )i1i2 ? (50 ? 10 cos 2? ) ? 10 i2 2 2 The  ex pression  of  electromagnetic  torque  is  obtained  as  follows:   ? ?W f (i1 , i2 ,? ) T ? i1 ? 1. 5, i2 ? 0. 02 ? 2 2 1 ? (i1 L11 ) ? (i1i2 L12 ) 1 ? (i2 L22 ) ? ? ? 2 2 1 1 (1. 5) 2 ( ? 2 sin 2? ) ? 10 ? 3 ? (1. 5)(0. 02)(? 0. 1sin ? ) ? (0. 02) 2 ( ? 20 sin 2? ) ? 10 ? 3 2 2 ?3 ? ? ( 2. 25 sin 2? ? 3 sin ? ) ? 10 Why Magnetic Field? Ratio of Electric and Magnetic Energy Densities in the air gap we ? 0 ? 0 E 2 1 ? ? wm B2 3. 6 ? 10 5 †¢ Saturation Flux Density Bs = 2T in commonlyused magnetic materials †¢ Air breakdown voltage Ebd=1,000,000 V/m b) At  maximum  torque, dT ?0 d? Differentiating  T  from  part  (a), 4. 5 cos 2? ? 3 cos ? ? 0 ? 1. 5 cos 2? ? cos ? ? 0 or               1. 5( 2 cos 2 ? ? 1) ? cos? ? 0 Solving  for  ? by  the  quadratic  formula, ?  =  55. 94 °Ã‚  and  153. 25 °Ã‚  (extraneous)Substituting  the  value  of  ? into  the  torque  expression  yields, T(max) ? ?(2. 25 s in 2(55. 94) ? 3 sin(55. 94)) ? 10 ? 3 ? ?4. 57 ? 10 ? 3 Nm Electric Machines †¢ Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion. †¢ The reverse task, that of converting mechanical motion into electrical energy, is accomplished by a generator or dynamo. †¢ In many cases the two devices differ only in their application and minor construction details, and some applications use a single device to fill both roles. For example, traction motors used on locomotive often perform both tasks if the locomotive is equipped with ynamic brakes. Introduction Electric Motors Electric Machine Insulation Class DC Motors Universal (DC/AC) AC Motors †¢ Induction †¢ Synchronous Stepping Motors Brushless DC Motors Coreless DC Motors Linear Motors MEMS Nano Motors †¢ A critical factor in the reduced life of electrical equipment is heat. The type of insulation used in a motor depends on the operating temperature that the motor will experience. †¢ Average insulation life decreases rapidly with increases in motor internal operating temperatures. †¢ Electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical motion: Lorentz force on any wire when it is onducting electricity while contained within a magnetic field †¢ Rotor: rotating part †¢ Stator: stationary part †¢ Armature: part of the motor across which the voltage is supplied MaglevMagnetic Levitation Three phase AC induction motors rated 1 Hp (750 W) and 25 W with small motors from CD player, toy and CD/DVD drive reader head traverse DC Generators / Dynamos AC Generators / Alternators As the first electrical generator capable of delivering power for industry, the dynamo uses electromagnetic principles to convert mechanical rotation into a pulsing direct electric current through the use of a commutator.Without a commutator, the dynamo is an example of an alternator, which is a synchronous singly-fed generator. With an electromechanical commutator, the dynamo is a classical direct current (DC) generator. The DC generator can operate at any speed within mechanical limits but always outputs a direct current waveform. Mechanical energy is used to rotate the coil (N turns, area A) at uniform angular velocity ? in the magnetic field B, it will produce a sinusoidal emf in the coil: Permanent Magnet DC Generators d? d ? ? ( NBA cos ? ) dt dt ? NBA? sin ? t e(t ) ? ? http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/electromag/java/generator/dc. tml Automotive alternator Rotor emf and current are induced by rotating magnetic field http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/electromag/java/generator/ac. html Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Mass and Inertia The mechanical component which stores kinetic energy is a mass in a translational system, and a moment of inertia in a rotational system. – Mass and Inertia (Cont. ) The kinetic energy stored by a mass moving at a velocity v, or a moment of inertia rotating at an angular speed ?. can be calculated by ? x M T F J Wk ? 1 Mv2 2 d? d 2? T? J 2 ? J dt dt dv d 2x F? M ?M dt 2 dt 1 J? 2 2 (translational system) rotational system) Comparing with the relationships of voltage, current, and magnetic energy in an inductor: V? L By the Newton’s second law, we have Wk ? or di dt and WL ? 1 Li2 2 we may regard a mass or a moment of inertia as an inductor which stores magnetic energy, if we let J? L M? L or Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Springs An ideal spring is a device with negligible mass and mechanical losses, whose deformation is a single-valued function of the applied force or torque. A linear ideal spring has deformation proportional to force or ? 1 torque. – Springs (Cont. ) For a given distortion of x and ? the potential energy stored in a spring is 1 1 W p ? ? Td ? ? K ? 2 W p ? ? Fdx ? Kx 2 T x1 F ? K ? x 1 ? x o ? ? Kx (linear spring) (torsional spring) Comparing with the relationships of electric charge, voltage and electric energy in a capacito r: Q V? C F 2 2 WC ? and 1 1 Q2 VQ ? 2 2C we may regard a spring as an electric capacitor which stores electric potential energy, if we let T ? K 1 ? ?o ? ? K ? K? 1 C Friction Friction Modelling Friction: force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion of two surfaces in contact. Friction between the two objects converts kinetic energy into heat.Coefficient of friction (Frictional coefficient): dimensionless scalar value which describes the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them together, needs not be less than 1 – under good conditions, a tire on concrete may have a coefficient of friction of 1. 7. Static friction (stiction) occurs when the two objects are not moving relative to each other: Rolling friction occuring when one object â€Å"rolls† on another (like a car's wheels on the ground), is stiction as the patch of the tire in contact with the ground, at any point while the tire spins, is stationary relati ve to the ground.Kinetic (or dynamic) friction occurs when two objects are moving relative to each other and rub together: – Sliding friction is when two objects are rubbing against each other. – Fluid friction is the friction between a solid object as it moves through a liquid or a gas. The drag of air on an airplane or of water on a swimmer are two examples of fluid friction. Lu-Gre Model (1995): ? 0 , ? 1 bristles’ stiffness and damping coefficient ?2 viscous friction FC , F S Coulomb and Stribeck friction ? F f ? ? 0 z ? ? 1z ? ? 2v ? z? v? v z g (v ) 2 1 g (v ) ? [ FC ? ( F S ? FC ) e ? v / v S ) ] ?0 Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Damper The mechanical damper is analogous to electrical resistor in that it dissipates energy as heat. An ideal damper is a device that exhibits no mass or spring effect and exerts a force that is a function of the relative velocity between its two parts. A linear ideal damper has a force proportional to the relative velocity. In all cases a damper produces a force that opposes the relative motion of the two parts. Mechanical friction occurs in a variety of situations under many different physical conditions.Sometimes friction is unwanted but must be tolerated and accounted for analytically, as, for example, in bearings, sliding electrical contacts, and the aerodynamic drag on a moving body. In other cases friction is desired and is designed into equipment. Examples are vibration dampers and shock absorbers. d ? x2 ? x1 ? dt dx ?B dt F? B ? B? R d 2 ? ?1 ? dt d? ?B dt T? B – Damper (Cont. ) Mechanical Components Mechanical Components – Damper (Cont. ) The damping due to Coulomb friction, as shown by the characteristic, can be regarded as a nonlinear resistor, which can keep the voltage across it to be constant.The Coulomb friction force can be expressed as – Damper (Cont. ) There is another kind of damping caused by the drag of a viscous fluid in turbulent flow. 2 F ? ? Bs d x2 ? x1 dt F ? ?d Fn ? ? d Fn d ? x2 ? x1 ? dt ? ? ? Bs dx dt d ? x2 ? x1 ? dt ? 2 ? R ? B s dx dt dx dt ? dx dt or T ? ? Bs d 2 ? ?1 ? dt Comparing with V=RI, we may conclude that ?F R? d n dx dt ? ? ? Bs d? dt ? ? 2 2 ? R ? B s d ? dt MR Dampers as a semi-active device MR Damper New Models Non-symmetrical Model (2007) ? F ( x) ? c0 x ? ko ( x ? x0 ) ? ?z ? ? ? z ? (? ? ( ? ? ? sign( zx) z ) x n : hysteresis variable, ? , ? , ? , ? , n, c0 , k0 : model parameters Bouc-Wen Model: ? F ( x ) ? c0 x ? k o ( x ? x0 ) ? ? z ? ? ? ? z ? ? ? z | x || z | n ? 1 ? ? x | z | n ? ? x z: hysteresis variable , ? , ? , ? , ? , n , c 0 , k 0 : model parameters Static Hysteresis Model (2006) ? F ( x) ? cx ? kx ? ?z ? f 0 ? z ? tanh( ? x ? sign( x)) z : hysteresis variable, ? , ? , f 0 , c, k : model parameters Minimally-Parameterised Model (2007) ? F : G ( x ) ? D ( x ), F ( x) ? ? 1 ? F2 : G ( x ) ? D ( x ), b G ( x) ? a ? ? 1 ? exp ( cx ) ? D ( x ) ? rexp{? ( x / 2? ) 2 } ? 0 x ? 0, x

What Is The Pioneer Of An Atfolios - 1168 Words

Organization composing reveals that speculations have been refined and changed with segment of time and none of the theory is absolutely unnecessary. As indicated, congruity depends on upon the setting in that it is associated. The kind of organization associated in limits including abnormal state of precision, assurance level, affectability, mind and concentrated capacity may be not the same as in clear organization orchestrated portfolios, as one that does not fit all heads (Dess, and Picken, 2000). It infers that conditions, settings, culture, working condition, new laws and bearings, information over-weight, various leveled complexities and psycho-socio upgrades astoundingly influence the organization thought along these lines, making†¦show more content†¦Transformational pioneers animate others to finish more than they at first proposed and consistently a great deal more than they thought possible. They set all the more troublesome cravings and consistently finish highe r execution. Truthfully, transformational activity tends to have more devoted and satisfied followers. This is generally so in light of the fact that transformational pioneers connect with enthusiasts. Esteem based Leadership Style Esteem based expert style contains three sections; surprising prize, organization by-exception (dynamic) and organization by-extraordinary case An esteem based pioneer takes after the arrangement of unexpected prizes to reveal execution yearning to the fans and recognizes awesome execution. Esteem based place stock in legitimately restricting understandings as fundamental partners (Bass, 1985) and use outward rewards toward redesigning supporters motivation. The composition revealed that the esteem based style ruins creative ability and can inimically affect laborers work satisfaction. Organization by-exceptional case clears up pioneers direct with deference capable acknowledgment of deviations from expected supporters lead. The utilization of both styles changes from situation to condition and setting to setting. The conditions including abnormal state of

Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1499 Words

Student athletes commonly go to school for one reason: their love for the sport they participate in. These student athletes get scholarships from large Division 1 schools, which means things such as schooling, board, and food will be paid for by the school so the student athletes do not have to pay for these benefits themselves (Patterson). If college athletes are to be paid, it will cause unfair compensation between players who are valued or played more than others. When student athletes are rewarded with a scholarship, they have nothing school related that they would need to pay for. This can lead them to blow all of their income on unnecessary or dangerous things such as drugs and alcohol which could get them removed from the team they†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The NCAA is a private, non profit association consisting of over 1000 members† (Goldman). The NCAA was founded in 1906 and is a large association representing bigger schools and universities (â€Å"Whatâ⠂¬â„¢s the Difference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). NCAA schools are organized into three divisions, D1, D2, and D3 (â€Å"What’s the Difference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Division 1 schools are typically the largest, division 2 schools are smaller than D1 schools, and division 3 schools are the smallest of the NCAA institutions (â€Å"What’s the Difference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). You cannot pay the more talented players on the team more money. This will cause strikes amongst the other teams and other very valuable players. If certain players are paid differently, it can also potentially change the athletes’ attitudes. When you pay one athlete more money than another athlete, the higher paid athlete becomes more of an individual and less of a team member. However, individualizing team members is not the purpose of any team sport. Paying more talented players more money will teach that player bad habits with their teammates and could eventually lead the player to think they are superior to the ir team. The only factor that could really determine different pay between athletes would be the different divisions of the NCAA: Division 1, Division 2, and Division 3. One might think that a Division 1 school would pay their student athletes more than a Division 2 or 3 school because it is a larger school. This leads toShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes millions, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid fo r their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial topic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?986 Words   |  4 PagesPaying the College Athlete The college athlete has steadily grown in popularity in the United States over the span of the past decades. Monetarily speaking, this increased publicity has been extremely beneficial for National Athletic Association (NCAA) and all the colleges involved in athletics which has sparked the dispute of whether or not the athlete should be paid for their hard work and dedication on the field and to their school or if the athletic scholarship is more than enough. College athletesRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different s ports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid to play

Love vs. Lust in Andrew Marvells Poem, To His Coy...

I know that there is a unique difference between love and lust. In the Andrew Marvell poem â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† I would argue over the issue of love versus lust. In this poem, we are introduced to a man who is infatuated with a young woman and wants to become intimate with her. He tries to pursue this young woman, but the woman is playfully hesitant. The man is trying to explain to the young woman if she keeps being resistant to him, they would never get a chance become intimate. Could it be that the man really does have true love for the young woman? Or is that he is just lusting for her gentle touch? In the first stanza of this poem, the man begins by expressing his feelings for the young woman. He starts off by trying to flatter†¦show more content†¦As we start the second part of the poem, the man begins to discuss the amount of time the woman and he both have left on this earth. The man states in first couple of lines, â€Å"But at my back I always hear time’s winged chariot hurrying near.† The man is trying to tell the woman that they should not wait to embrace each other physically because no one is here on this earth forever. The man describes to the woman that all they will have left in the end is the grave. In the final part of the stanza, the man says â€Å"The grave’s a fine and private place, but none I think do there embrace.† The man is trying to explain to the young woman that though the grave is a fairly private place, they will not be able to make love because they are no longer here on this earth. He also states that in the end he will no longer have the feelings he has for her now because his time here on earth will be done for. At this particular part of the poem, I would say that the man is using anything in his power to convince the young woman to sleep with him. The man seems very lustful at this point, so the love that the man somewhat conveyed for the young woman at the beginning of the poem has slowly drifted away. In the final section of the poem, the man goes from loving the woman forever, to saying that there is no time left here on this earth and that they should make love as soon

Communism Still Poses a Threat free essay sample

Threat Communism has always been in the world causing terror to all small poor nations. These poor nations are hoping that the communism nations will not take them over and force them to change from free to communist government. Unfortunately, communism still poses a threat to the free world. Communism is the idea of not owning private property, instead the government owns the industry, and everyone receives the same amount of money for doing different jobs. This idea began in the French Revolution. The poor countries are the only ones that need a better government; so they turn to communism as their answer. The Soviet Union tried communism, but it was devastated. I think that communism just makes things worse. It is a system where there is full control by the government. The government tells you where to live, what to do, and how to do it. The leaders get rich while the country gets poorer and poorer. We will write a custom essay sample on Communism Still Poses a Threat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my opinion, communism is connected to culture and religion. China and Russia are the two main countries that spread communism. Even though Russia is no longer a communist country it did spread its way of life to Cuba and North Korea. Russia’s Soviet Union believed that there should be no religion in their nation. If there is no religion they need something to fill the gap; they excepted communism to fill that gap. The Soviet Union spread its belief of no religion, its need for stability, and communism to Cuba. Currently half of North Korea believes in no religion. The other half believes in spirits and ancient traditions set down by the Chinese. 2 Through the Soviet Union and China’s efforts, North Korea became a communist nation. Vietnam is a mixture of Chinese and Thai people. They believe in Buddhism and Cunfucianism; two religions that originated in China. Therefore Vietnam is communist. Laos is strongly supported by Vietnam and China. The Laos people believe in Buddhism and are communist. With communism comes struggles, hardship, and terror. Thousands of Cubans try to escape their communist country by floating in small rafts hoping to hit United State’s hores. Laos is the same way. Escaping their country could be deadly if they are caught, but they are willing to risk it. Vietnam’s economy is suffering because the government relocates people away from the shores that supply them with their most important industry. China and North Korea are so concerned about keeping tradition that they do not advance in any industry and agriculture. Communism can spread by people bringing their way of life with the people comes their beliefs with the beliefs comes the government. If that does not work, they definitely have enough fire power with nuclear bombs and man power to spread communism. Communists pose a threat to the free world. There is no doubt in my mind.

Macbeth Scenes Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Macbeth Scenes Although Macbeth does take actions that lead to his downfall, I believe that he is not totally responsible for what happens. Although he takes the action that leads to his downfall, he perhaps would not have done this if the witches had not told him that he would be king in Act 1 Scene 3. I believe that it is the witches are more responsible for Macbeth's downfall than he is. In Act 1, Scene 3, the witches tell Macbeth that he is thane of Glamis, thane of Cawdor and that he "shalt be king hereafter". Immediately after hearing the witches prophesise that he will be king, Macbeth thinks that he must kill the current king to become king himself. I believe that before hearing the witch's prophecies, Macbeth had never in his wildest dreams thought of killing King Duncan to become king himself. In Act 4, Scene 1, Macbeth meets again with the witches, who tell him through apparitions, "Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff. Beware the thane of Fife." In the following scene, we see murderers sent by Macbeth enter Macduff's castle and slaughter both Lady Macduff and her son. The witches are also responsible for this murder, because once again, the witches put ideas in his head. Although the witches can be held responsible for the murder of King Duncan, Lady Macduff and her son, they cannot be held responsible for the murder of Banquo. The witches only speak of Banquo when Macbeth meets with them for the second time and Act 4, Scene 1, after Banquo has already been killed. This murder is the complete responsibility of Macbeth, because the witches had absolutely nothing to do with it and it was only Macbeth's own suspicions that brought him to have Banquo killed. If Macbeth had not taken action to fulfill the witch's prophecies, he would probably have been happily living as the thane of Glamis and Cawdor at the end of the play. It could be said that he was responsible for his own downfall. However, Macbeth only took action after hearing the witch's prophecies, so I believe that Macbeth cannot be held totally responsible for what happens to himself. I believe that if Macbeth had never heard the witch's prophecies, he would have lived a happy, full life, and perhaps he would have become anyway.