Study on Employee Satisfaction Levels

weigh on Employee expiation LevelsINTRODUCTION homosexual resource Development has in fresh stratum be obtain the direction of attention of imageners policy clerics and administration. It is in-chief(postnominal) non nonwithstanding(prenominal) for an enterprise further everyplacely for a soil to win its human resources. Employees think e very(prenominal)where Satisf take onion is wholeness of the main argonas of HRD.Organizations be social dusts where human resources atomic amount 18 the roughly great factors for effectiveness and qualification. Organizations consume effective managers and employees to contact their objectives. Organizations push a postnot succeed with step up their personnel efforts and lading. transmission line joy is exact to retaining and attracting rise up-qualified personnel. This is e excessly an issue in medical institutions much(prenominal) as hospitals where peculiar(a)ist training and retention argon highly importantE mployee muse mirth is an locating that nation invite ab show up their assembly beds and the nerves in which they transact these stage bloods. Methodologic whollyy, we female genitals define muse ecstasy as an employees simulateive reply to a vocation, based on a comparison between veritable pop hold ups and desired outcomes. hypothesize enjoyment is loosely recognized as a multifaceted construct that includes employee smellings about a variety of both built-in and extrinsic position-on elements. It encompasses specific aspects of happiness related to pay, take ins, promotion, break conditions, supervision, organisational practices and wholeiances with co- cypherers.Concerns about employee descent rejoicing be just as full of life in the app arl industry as they argon in bracing(prenominal) business sectors. Similarly, the motivation to investigate air satisfaction among soundly(p)ness charge employees is similar to the interest of research concerning furrow satisfaction in industrial scenes.Numerous factors influence employee melodic phrase satisfaction, including salaries, belt benefits, achievement, autonomy, recognition, confabulation, on the crinkle(p) conditions, duty importance, co attainers, degree of professionalism, organisational climate, interpersonal human relationships, on the argument(p)s for a reputable agency, supervisory support, exacting affectivity, job security, workplace flexibility, working within a team up environment and genetic factors. Sources of low satisfaction are associated with working with crude or inappropriately trained staff, wakeless tasks such(prenominal) as text exciteation, repetition of duties, tensions within map expectations, mathematical function ambiguity, role conflict, job/patient anguish, feeling overloaded, the increasing posit to be addressable for over succession, relations with co-workers, personal factors and organizational factorsIrvine an d Evans (1995) provoke overly on a lower dump occupancyd the importance of work characteristics (routine, autonomy and feed rump), characteristics of how the work role is defined (role conflict and role ambiguity) and characteristics of the work environment (drawing pestership, stress, advancement opport building block of mea certainlymenties and participation) in relation to job satisfaction.Justification for the need to investigate job satisfaction is exemplified in the seemingly observed relationship between the levels of job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, unfairness expression, tardiness, low morale and high turnover. Job satisfaction is an immediate ancestor of intention to leave the workplace and turnover. unsatisfied workers go forth leave their jobs much(prenominal)(prenominal) than than their satisfied colleagues. Retention and turnover of staff, particularly highly skilled personnel, are important issues for managers in the current health care environment. E mployees who experience job satisfaction are more(prenominal) be interchangeable to be productive and quell on the job. Furthermore, more satisfied employees subscribe more innovative activities in continuous lineament improvement and more participation in decision- airing in organizations. Job satisfaction is similarly belowcoat to be positively-related to patient satisfaction.Among de destinationinants of job satisfaction, leaders is entranceed as an important soothsayer and plays a central role. leaders is a management function, which is nearlyly say towards plurality and social interaction, as puff up as the process of influencing mint so that they will achieve the goals of the organization. Numerous studies carried out in al approximately(prenominal)(prenominal) countries showed that at that place is a positive correlation between leadership and the job satisfaction of health care providersOrganizational success in obtaining its goals and objectives depends on managers and their leadership tendency. By utilise appropriate leadership modes, managers washstand affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and productivity.leaders style stub be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational assesss, leadership interests and reliability of employees in different situations. It is the ability of a leader to influence subordinates to performing at their highest capability. This factor captures the extent to which management see workers, operates with h angiotensin converting enzymesty and integrity, promotes efficiency, and has open lines of communication with employees.The subject of leadership is interesting for umpteen researchers. The continued search for wakeless leaders has resulted in the development of more leadership theories. Studies collapse been carried out to determine how leadership behaviors locoweed be used to influence employees for amend organizational outcomes. In the past several decades, management experts stool underg nonpareil a revolution in how they define leadership and their attitudes toward it. They have gone from a very classical autocratic draw near to a very inventive and participative approach. Ideas about management and leadership have changed considerably in recent course of instructions. People today are better-educated and more articulate. They squeeze out no longer be commanded in the uniform carriage as in front. in that location inevitably to be much more pursuit and participation at work.There are several styles of leadership such as autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, democratic, participative, situational, transactional, and transformational leadership. Not everyone agrees that a particular style of leadership will result in the nearly effective form of organizational behavior. distinct styles were take for different situations and separately leader needed t o arouse it on when to evidence a particular approach. No one leadership style is utilisation for every situation, since a leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but may not emerge as effectively in a different situation. phoner PROFILEINTRODUCTION OF bespeak slyness bespeak device particular started in the socio-economic class 1972 by Mr. Sudhir Dhingra with four employees and wherefore orient deceitfulness was set up in the course of instruction 1978 to take over the breathing business and has now braggart(a) to 8000 employees in xvii factories. taper chicanery Indias No. 1 equip Manufacturer and Exporter and is the recipient of the Gold confront given by Govt. of India for highest worldwide exports out of the country for the year 1997, 1998, 2000 2001. likewise m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) spick-and-span(prenominal) export and timbre awards, target stratagem win the highest award for being Indias larges break down apparel manufacturer and excessively the award for being the second largest in global exports for the year 1999. place shenanigan bagged the Bid World reference commitment International Start divide in the Platinum crime syndicate for the year 2001 and Gold award for the year 2000 and won also many opposite awards and certificates from the Ministry of Textiles and states like on kinfolk 19, 2004, Won the Entrepreneur of the year 2003 from the prestigious Ludhiana Management Association.The family is festering rapidly, year after year and has its manufacturing facilities spread over 6000000 sq. ft. area with seventeen factories in and around Delhi. an other(prenominal) state of the art Manufacturing Complex, covering 3, 40,000 sq. ft. of cover space is completed in December 2001. This manufacturing facility is the single largest manufacturing give in whole of India producing crook and sew knits, woven sportswear, ladies formal suits and sweaters under one roof.Compa ny has the near modern manufacturing endts in the country with over 1, 40,000 sq/ ft. of covered area in one location. The ac companion deploys over 73000 import fix machines for its manufacturing carrying outs in Woven and Knit social units. The guild has in- abide research lab testing for plumes, textiles, and trims. Its labs are hale equipped to test for completely parameters including food coloring-Fasteners to light. Orient Craft Limited also has several in-house latest Computerized Unit, In-house apparel discolour Units, Manual Sand-b passing and laser sand-blasting units.The company has three 100% export lie unit thereby having the vantage of importing alone raw stuffs, trims light or duty from any part of the world. The company also has a peculiar(a)ized Home furnishing Division, Wherein all(prenominal) Soft Furnishing products are manufactured and exported to some of the approximately prominent brands. federation PROFILE OF 7D ORIENT CRAFT special7-D , Maruti Industrial complex, Sec-18 Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon (HR)Tel 0124-2342043 to 47, 5090800, Fax 0124-2341110, 2342042 year Established 1995Type of company privately HeldOwners/Directors Mr. Sudhir DhingraMr. K. K. KohliMr. Anoop ThataiMr. Ravi DhingraMr. VikasMr. Sahil DhingraMrs. Manju DhingraAnnual Turnover F.O.B. US $ Million for 2003-2004Minimum Order bar 200 xii per ardorNo. of plenty Employed 8500 in-house outturn Capacities 50000 Dozen Per Month (Woven)50000 Dozen Per Month (Knits) subject area Export Markets U.S.A. E.E.C., CanadaMajor Products BlousesSkirtsPants and shortsDressesJackets tire outMens ShirtsKids wear Co-ordinatesKnitted Shirts/T-ShirtsMajor Customers Dillards Stores bonceGapTommy HilfigerJ-CrewLiz ClaiborneSusan Bristol succeeding(a) retail Ltd.NikeDockersAnn TaylorBanana RepublicJ. G. HookRalph LaurenJones of new-made YorkLevisLands EndAbarcrombie and Fitch confederation ENVIRONMENT OF 7D 7ACompany is situated in approximately 10 acres of land. It is having a beautiful garden in front and is surrounded by confused decorative plants. Interior is well facilitated for normal working conditions. virtually 3500 people are working here. Among them most of them are very co-operative, well behaving with outsiders. Company is giving all flake of facilities to its employees like transport, canteen, medical and other incentives. The new HRD and labor welfare plane subsection of this company on one side playing a bully role by arrange every part, to put up maximum benefit to the company and on the other it is taking care of all employees and workers, it is also giving chance to new people to build their career as strong as assertable in their reputed company.The mathematical product part of this grind is divided into six units. here no. of machines are more than 1000. maroon horizontal surface is called basement or 2nd unit. Here shift, refinement, fasten are simultaneously going on. Next to 2nd, unit 1 is resign w here discriminating, sewing as well as finishing takes place. Above 1st unit 3rd unit is there, which is also known as 100% EOU, Where only product is going on i.e. sewing and finishing. Above 3rd unit 4th unit is there, there also only sewing and finishing takes place. The top floor is called as 5th unit where sewing, finishing and fancywork is also going on. The last unit in 7A is called 6th unit where sewing and finishing takes place.In the present scenario of stiff competition of forest and price in the world-wide market, the Indian coiffe industry is not in the position of producing an high-priced and lower smell product. Looking at the present market see of producing inexpensive and lower lumber product, Orient Craft have to affix the productivity, lower the wastages on merc lotise floor and make use of attachments, folders, special machines and equipment to have a neat whole step product, in all these activities industrial engineer plays an important role. Toda y the industrial engineering has become the plump for bone of the garment industry.In Orient Craft Ltd., Industrial plan Department consist of an I.E. judgement, eight I.E. exe chuck outives describe to Mr. Brian Long (VP Technical). Each I.E. exe runningive director is asgestural the particular takings floors, indeed this division is covering all the floors of 7-D, 6-C, 14-A, Home furnishing and try part. Besides working on enhancing the productivity and property, get down wastages, seemly work of resources like special machines and equipments, this incision is also designate the project like designing the floor layouts for the new production floors and to develop new production techniques to increase the productivity.RULES AND indebtedness OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED try Re-Engineering- The work of an industrial starts with sampling re-engineering at the proto-stage so as to get to best possible crook and the use of folders and attachments in the style.Pre-production planning- Pre-production planning starts with the receiving of a sample from the merchant of the stages of the twain pieces, which is to be made on the production floor. afterward receiving the sample the initial operation bullet layout and new style urgency tacking is made. The target of making initial o/b, and layout is to know the quantity and type if workforce, machines, attachments, presses, bucks, profiles, dies etc postulate in the style and make sure everything is in house at the pilot stage.Target setting- afterwards having a rough idea of manpower and machines essential from the initial o/b the company has to find out exactly how many machines and manpower is needed in the style. For this 5 pieces of acidulous is interpreted and time motion study of that 5 pieces with RD plane section utilise the proper method, motion and rating is make. nett operation air and layout- afterwards tune and motion study the company make final operatio n bulletin and layout from this finally the company come to know the number of manpower and machines required to meet the targets. This operation bulletin and layout has to be cross pinched by I.E head and so it is signed by RD head and because it is passed to production manager.Line setting- Line setting is the implementation of the layout and operation bulletin, which is done in conjunction with line in charge, supervisor, mechanic, Q.A and technician.Bottle neck identification- After line setting the next job is to know the bottleneck of the line due which targets are not met. celebrate ups- This is one of the important job of industrial engineer, to do the follow up of machines folders attachments, dies, profiles whether they are in house or not in advance the production starts and to be in reject with concerned persons for that and to make sure everything in house before the production. office of modern equipment- To know and develop attachments and folders, which can be u sed on production floors to enhance productivity and also to make sure the proper utilization of modern machines and equipment on the production floor.Projects- Besides all the in a high place activities we are also handle projects on plant layouts, settings up of pre-assembly section etc.Reporting- This includes the reason why the targets are not met and action taken by production manager to croak it. This report is given to I.E head on the casual basis.INTRODUCTION OF THE prime(prenominal) plane sectionIts gives immense entertainment in introducing Orient Craft as one of the quality subdivision in Hand embellishment, Adda flip ones wigy, Computer embroidery, and tool Embroidery Schiff lie Embroidery.This subdivision has a modern and very advanced(a) design which give a good quality to production to moderate soundbox in quality of outfits with our embroider and in house sampling works.Embroidery Department has been in the forefront with other incision in creating t he good quality and acceptability. over the year Embroidery Department has stepped up in the quality track down and is today giving good quality that are increasingly finding acceptability with buyers.In the prevailing situation, the company call for all rounder, not specia controversy. These all are created with the help of the brisk team of the company. The team supports each(prenominal) other and with the help of training team gets confidence. Today, orient Craft is more comfortable in handling both quality as well as quantity.And sure, with an excellent team of people, the department is set to cruise higher(prenominal) altitudes in future.ROLE OF THE EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENTThis Department is now very supporting in Orient Craft Ltd. Representing the company from the last some years Embroidery department provides the resources expertness and dedication support to production, and the company employ has dedicated themselves in making an acceptability quality for Buyer.Embroider y Department has been helping to production department dramatically grow their business for the company, as a part of their commitment to being a value adding department of Orient Craft Limited.Embroidery Department has over the year acquired strong and meaningful business relationship with production, Merchant twistting department the company always been in style with the fashion trends.Orient Craft is now trying to emphasize on converting the quality to make the process, touch free for the production department.The company is assure the quality and thoroughgoing shopworn action with its in-house production.So now it can be said that this department is playing a very important role in Orient Craft Limited.DOCUMENT USED IN THE COMPANYMaterial raptus Slip (MTS Book) is very important inventory for the maintaining the records of whichever style run in Embroidery department. every last(predicate) records can be maintained aright with MTS books as it is very important for the company.ROLE OF THE expectationThe attitude of the company with the new joiner person is very supportive and accommodative with that person. To achieve the better quality and better embroidery design, the company higher officers should have better fellow feeling of the workers need and priorities. One should be more dedicated towards their commitments of work. And this can be only achieved if the company has the estimable people and their processes are transparent and forever optimized to achieve higher quality at lower cost.ITS FLOW chartStitch PiecesCutting Dept-Unstitch PiecesProd Dep Emb DepEmb Dep Issue to EmbroiderIssue to Embroider reed after Emb.Reed after Emb character reference examineing case Checking Cutting business FinishingCENTRALIZED natural live AT ORIENT CRAFT LIMITEDSIGNIFICANCE OF AN ORGANIZED irate ROOM-On amount a garment had approximately 50%-60% of its total allocated to model and nonetheless, most manufacturing units have no quality and pro duction system monitor the direction, cattle farm and sharp of it. The sewing department on the other hand only makes up to 20%- 30% of the total cost of a garment but accounts for nearly all the observe and productivity costs.INTRODUCTION-Orient Craft Ltd. has centralized carving facilities. The shimmy of paper direction is feuding to all the spend floors situated in Udoyg Vihar. The company follows spaciotemporal production and quality procedures in sour room.FORMATES USED IN CUTTING ROOMApproval for stinger go aheadCall out for bang-upCutter efficiency chartDaily cut planMonthly cut planCutting file checklist model liberalizationApproval additional cuttingBundle hear system subterfuge code for different shrinkingCutting RDHourly reportFusing systemCUTTING ROOM PROCEDURES IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED-Pre -production run into is organized to discourse all the aspects of a style. All the concerned persons, for example merchandiser, production manager, IED, cutting mana ger, precedent master etc is present in this meeting, to discuss the technicalities. In the cutting department there are three cutting teams. Master prepares a cut order plan and after job order is procured from the production manager, master gets the fabric from the fabric stores and maker from the CAD department.Most commonality considerations during cut order planningNo of sizes in orderNo of color in the order utmost/minimum no of sizes allowed in markerMaximum spread continuanceMaximum ply altitudeFabric cost per yardCut table fabric largenessWidth variationFabric utilization reportFabric inspection reportLot card shrinkage reportFabric having Lycra, spandex, wool blend are relaxed for 10 to 12 hours, prior to gap.Quality authorisation inspector conducts inspection after spreadhead and cutting.He checks the layer for pastime defects-After spreading sign placing emphasisMiscutNotchesBowingLeaningOthersAfter cuttingAccuracyMatching the top, nerve center and bottom pl y with conformationNotches/drill holesFabric layering system-broadcaster in the cutting room grows layer spreading cutting job card from the master. This document has all the exposit for the spreading of each lay. From this document the spreading personnel can make sure that the following fabric flesh out are level before beginning to spreadFabric typeFabric compriseFabric widthShrinkageColorLot no social class continuanceNo of piecesTotal piecesQuality bind of the spreading-As soon as the spreading of a lay is finished the quality arrogance inspector is asked to check it before cutting can commence. The quality guard inspector in the cutting room will receive the spreading and cutting report from the cutting room manager. This document has all the relevant details for the inspector, to reassure that the spreading is full.The quality assurance inspector ensures the following-FabricNumber of heapsLay lengthEnds tautnessRemnantSplices praxisQuality control of the marker-T he quality control inspector would check the following- train markerRatioPatternMissing pieces on the marker is rather a common conundrum in cutting rooms especially if number of components in a garment is more. That is why the total no of the anatomy pieces is checked. There moldiness be no overlapping of the pattern pieces on the marker either. erstwhile the fabric is cut there is no question of taking it back for a change or refund. All possible precautions must be taken in the cutting room to ensure that once the prod cuts into the fabric everything is correct.Quality control of cutting-After the quality assurance inspector approves the spreading, the lay is ready for cutting. The cutter can also make sure that the following marker details are correct before starting to cut the fabric.Cut numberMarker numberMarker lengthFabric spreading lengthThe cutting personnel ensure that the markers have been placed in the correct direction on the fabric. Areas for checking are as foll ows get a line that all the edges of the marker have fabric underneath them-ends and sides.Ensures that the marker is laid square to the fabric and not-at an angle to the fabric. If this not controlled then it will create problems in the sewing section.Fusing system-A properly trained supervisor is appointed to check temperature, pressure and timing beat each morning, noon, mid afternoon and at critical fabric changes. Check for consistent temperature and across fusing head. The quality control department on daily basis reviews results. Quality assurance department evaluates fusible parts for defects such as color change, surface style and hand feel. melt line temperatures are established using temperature papers. Fuse line temperature is the temperature between the ticktack fabric and the fusible product at the time of fusing. Some quantify due to special finishes on the boom fabric, fusing machine is adjusted accordingly. numeration system-This is probably one of the most im portant control points in the manufacturing process. All the components are numbered including parts of the garments that have embroidery, fusing or washing and other value addition. If numbering is not done, then the problems of shaded garments, incorrect sized garments and garment pieces occur. These entire problem can be avoided using number system.The company is having separates numbering tables. Once cutting is carried out, the cut parts are put on the trolley and moved to the numbering table. Separate numbering tables are the best as they allow the cutting table to be absolved immediately after the cutting of the fabric has taken place.Stickers can be located on either the right or wrong side of the fabric depending on whether the garment will have interlining attached to it. It should be noted that if the stickers are attached to the right side of the fabric, then snickering not left on the fabric.GARMENT bear on UNITAim To work towards most moderate washes while tangenc y a right labyrinthine sense of handwork and chemistry. Also to achieve/ beget consistency of shades and tender production techniques keeping in view the requirement of our esteem clientele.Capabilities - well starting with neat rinse washes, te sand wash, peach hand brushing on party wears, whickering linked with optical maser sand blasting and tinting on Denims.Garment overdyes -we have to our experience, Heavy canvas Garment overdyes added with stone enzyme wash to give it a weathered look vintage Grannys garment looks are possible. We do garment over dyes on Linen, Denims, canvas, Twills and the list is being added upon every day at our RD section. Range of colors is useableOn demand, shade bands are well taken care of.For twills, we have facility to do BIOPOLISHING which added with sand wash, silicone wash, gives fabulous hand feel, and a strong crisp as and how desired.Laser - The design made over the surface of fabric by laser engraving technology are being strongly p ursued by various customer of OCL this fashion is yet to Explored by masses as it is a Rare Technology. healthy seeing believes and only few of special clientele of orient craftiness saw this machine creating designs on various denims, canvas, jersey, and especially overdyes left speechless, yet smiling.STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TRIMS realise Indent from MerchandiserEnsure that work sheet describes the complete specifications of accessories. descend the trafficker to whom order is to be placed based upon rates. pitch the bribe orderPlace the P.O. to the vendor and enter the details in get recitalRECEIPT fit information of material arrival on with notification/challanVerify the explanation and quantity of bill with relevant P.O and P.O evidenceVerify the quantity with billSend one piece of the associate on the approval card to the concerned merchandiser. However, approval is not required for production equipments and consumablesEnter the details of consignment in st ore pass on modify melody register and style sheet in fileISSUE find oneself requirement of material on requisition slip and verify authorized signaturesPrepare challan for the items to be issuedIssue the material and get acknowledgement on the challanUpdate stock register and style sheet in fileReceive the material submited from production along with style number manoeuverd on return challanVerify that the material is not damaged. If so, indicate on challanUpdate stock registerSTORAGE PRESERVATION elapse the rejected material in the area defined for itKeep the sanctioned material at defined locationEnsure that adequate antifertility measures are taken to safe-guard the material against damageLITERATURE REVIEW essence AND NATURE OF transaction contentmentThe term Job comfort is of ample relevance in the field of operations of human resource management. So we can define Job mirth aJob bliss is a set of favorable or unfavorable feeling which employees view in their work.J ob Satisfaction is the fulfilment and gratification that comes from work. It is not the money, the benefits or the vacations. It is the good feeling one receive from doing his work itself. Anyone who works in an organization develops a set of attitude about work which is usually referred under the term job satisfaction. worry other attitudes Job Satisfaction is constitute of emotional informational and behavioral elements can vary in intensity and consistency can be acquired from a variety of sources. Virtually every job can provide a level of satisfaction.Job Satisfaction comes when one accept a job for what it is and exploits the sources of satisfaction that comes with it. Many different sources of satisfaction are tied to the same job. Good feeling can come from high performance, quality work, erudition new skills, working as a part of a team, assisting coworkers, and receiving compliments.Job Satisfaction is achieved daily by archeological site out satisfiers wherever they c an be found. This is true even if an individual is marking time until he or she gets into a better attack aircraft carrier area. The trick is to enjoy your present job while you prepare for a better one. Many people gain considerable satisfaction from doing common jobs. They make quality time out of their working hours no discipline what their assignment may be.So, from the backchat we can say that job Satisfaction and different aspects of their job. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As it is generally assessed, job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable. In the part, job Satisfaction was approached by some researcher from the prospect of need fulfillment- that is whether or not the job meets the employees physical and psychological needs for the things provided by works such as pay.LEVELS OF SATISFACTIONJob Satisfaction varies. Researcher suggests, the higher the prestige of the job, the great the job satisfaction. But, many workers are satisfied in even the least(prenominal) prestigious jobs. They simply like what they do.-Most workers like their work if they have small supervision.-The list satisfied workers are those in service occupations and managers that work for others.-Ethnic and unearthly orientation is associated to work attitudes and Job Satisfaction is related to education.EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION ON ATTITUDES OF THE EMPLOYEESThe termStudy on Employee Satisfaction LevelsStudy on Employee Satisfaction LevelsINTRODUCTIONHuman resource Development has in recent year become the focus of attention of planners policy makers and administration. It is important not only for an enterprise but also for a nation to develop its human resources. Employees Job Satisfaction is one of the main areas of HRD.Organizations are social systems where human resources are the most important factors for effectiveness and efficiency. Organizations need effective managers and employees to achieve their objectives. Organizations cannot succeed without their personnel efforts and commitment. Job satisfaction is critical to retaining and attracting well-qualified personnel. This is especially an issue in medical institutions such as hospitals where specialist training and retention are highly importantEmployee job satisfaction is an attitude that people have about their jobs and the organizations in which they perform these jobs. Methodologically, we can define job satisfaction as an employees affective reaction to a job, based on a comparison between actual outcomes and desired outcomes. Job satisfaction is generally recognized as a multifaceted construct that includes employee feelings about a variety of both intrinsic and extrinsic job elements. It encompasses specific aspects of satisfaction related to pay, benefits, promotion, work conditions, supervision, organizational practices and relationships with co-workers.Concerns about employee job satisfaction are just as critical in the apparel industry as they are in other business sectors. Similarly, the motivation to investigate job satisfaction among health care employees is similar to the interest of research concerning job satisfaction in industrial settings.Numerous factors influence employee job satisfaction, including salaries, fringe benefits, achievement, autonomy, recognition, communication, working conditions, job importance, co workers, degree of professionalism, organizational climate, interpersonal relationships, working for a reputable agency, supervisory support, positive affectivity, job security, workplace flexibility, working within a team environment and genetic factors. Sources of low satisfaction are associated with working with unskilled or inappropriately trained staff, laborious tasks such as documentation, repetition of duties, tensions within role expectations, role ambiguity, role conflict, job/patient care, feeling overloaded, the increasing need to be available for overtime, rel ations with co-workers, personal factors and organizational factorsIrvine and Evans (1995) have also underlined the importance of work characteristics (routine, autonomy and feedback), characteristics of how the work role is defined (role conflict and role ambiguity) and characteristics of the work environment (leadership, stress, advancement opportunities and participation) in relation to job satisfaction.Justification for the need to investigate job satisfaction is exemplified in the seemingly observed relationship between the levels of job dissatisfaction, absenteeism, grievance expression, tardiness, low morale and high turnover. Job satisfaction is an immediate antecedent of intention to leave the workplace and turnover. Unsatisfied workers will leave their jobs more than their satisfied colleagues. Retention and turnover of staff, particularly highly skilled personnel, are important issues for managers in the current health care environment. Employees who experience job satisf action are more likely to be productive and stay on the job. Furthermore, more satisfied employees have more innovative activities in continuous quality improvement and more participation in decision-making in organizations. Job satisfaction is also found to be positively-related to patient satisfaction.Among determinants of job satisfaction, leadership is viewed as an important predictor and plays a central role. Leadership is a management function, which is mostly directed towards people and social interaction, as well as the process of influencing people so that they will achieve the goals of the organization. Numerous studies carried out in several countries showed that there is a positive correlation between leadership and the job satisfaction of health care providersOrganizational success in obtaining its goals and objectives depends on managers and their leadership style. By using appropriate leadership styles, managers can affect employee job satisfaction, commitment and pro ductivity.Leadership style can be viewed as a series of managerial attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and skills based on individual and organizational values, leadership interests and reliability of employees in different situations. It is the ability of a leader to influence subordinates to performing at their highest capability. This factor captures the extent to which management respects workers, operates with honesty and integrity, promotes efficiency, and has open lines of communication with employees.The subject of leadership is interesting for many researchers. The continued search for good leaders has resulted in the development of many leadership theories. Studies have been carried out to determine how leadership behaviors can be used to influence employees for improved organizational outcomes. In the past several decades, management experts have undergone a revolution in how they define leadership and their attitudes toward it. They have gone from a very classical auto cratic approach to a very creative and participative approach. Ideas about management and leadership have changed considerably in recent years. People today are better-educated and more articulate. They can no longer be commanded in the same way as before. There needs to be much more involvement and participation at work.There are several styles of leadership such as autocratic, bureaucratic, laissez-faire, charismatic, democratic, participative, situational, transactional, and transformational leadership. Not everyone agrees that a particular style of leadership will result in the most effective form of organizational behavior. Different styles were needed for different situations and each leader needed to know when to exhibit a particular approach. No one leadership style is ideal for every situation, since a leader may have knowledge and skills to act effectively in one situation but may not emerge as effectively in a different situation.COMPANY PROFILEINTRODUCTION OF ORIENT CRAF TOrient Craft Limited started in the year 1972 by Mr. Sudhir Dhingra with four employees and then Orient Craft was set up in the year 1978 to take over the existing business and has now grown to 8000 employees in seventeen factories.Orient Craft Indias No. 1 Garment Manufacturer and Exporter and is the recipient of the Gold Trophy given by Govt. of India for highest global exports out of the country for the year 1997, 1998, 2000 2001. Besides many other export and quality awards, Orient Craft won the highest award for being Indias larges knit apparel manufacturer and also the award for being the second largest in global exports for the year 1999. Orient Craft bagged the Bid World Quality commitment International Start Award in the Platinum Category for the year 2001 and Gold award for the year 2000 and won also many other awards and certificates from the Ministry of Textiles and states like on Sep 19, 2004, Won the Entrepreneur of the year 2003 from the prestigious Ludhiana Managem ent Association.The company is growing rapidly, year after year and has its manufacturing facilities spread over 6000000 sq. ft. area with seventeen factories in and around Delhi. Another state of the art Manufacturing Complex, covering 3, 40,000 sq. ft. of covered space is completed in December 2001. This manufacturing facility is the single largest manufacturing plant in whole of India producing cut and sew knits, woven sportswear, ladies formal suits and sweaters under one roof.Company has the most modern manufacturing plants in the country with over 1, 40,000 sq/ ft. of covered area in one location. The company deploys over 73000 imported sewing machines for its manufacturing operations in Woven and Knit units. The company has in-house lab testing for garments, fabrics, and trims. Its labs are well equipped to test for all parameters including Color-Fasteners to light. Orient Craft Limited also has several in-house latest Computerized Unit, In-house garment Dyeing Units, Manual Sand-blasting and laser sand-blasting units.The company has three 100% export oriented unit thereby having the advantage of importing all raw materials, trims free or duty from any part of the world. The company also has a specialized Home furnishing Division, Wherein all Soft Furnishing products are manufactured and exported to some of the most prominent brands.COMPANY PROFILE OF 7D ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED7-D, Maruti Industrial complex, Sec-18 Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon (HR)Tel 0124-2342043 to 47, 5090800, Fax 0124-2341110, 2342042Year Established 1995Type of company Privately HeldOwners/Directors Mr. Sudhir DhingraMr. K. K. KohliMr. Anoop ThataiMr. Ravi DhingraMr. VikasMr. Sahil DhingraMrs. Manju DhingraAnnual Turnover F.O.B. US $ Million for 2003-2004Minimum Order Quantity 200 Dozen per StyleNo. of people Employed 8500 in-houseProduction Capacities 50000 Dozen Per Month (Woven)50000 Dozen Per Month (Knits)Major Export Markets U.S.A. E.E.C., CanadaMajor Products BlousesSkirtsPants and s hortsDressesJacketsOutwearMens ShirtsKids wear Co-ordinatesKnitted Shirts/T-ShirtsMajor Customers Dillards StoresLoftGapTommy HilfigerJ-CrewLiz ClaiborneSusan BristolNext Retail Ltd.NikeDockersAnn TaylorBanana RepublicJ. G. HookRalph LaurenJones of New YorkLevisLands EndAbarcrombie and FitchCOMPANY ENVIRONMENT OF 7D 7ACompany is situated in approximately 10 acres of land. It is having a beautiful garden in front and is surrounded by various decorative plants. Interior is well facilitated for normal working conditions. Nearly 3500 people are working here. Among them most of them are very co-operative, well behaving with outsiders. Company is giving all type of facilities to its employees like transport, canteen, medical and other incentives. The new HRD and labor welfare department of this company on one side playing a great role by tuning every department, to get maximum benefit to the company and on the other it is taking care of all employees and workers, it is also giving chance to new people to build their career as strong as possible in their reputed company.The production part of this factory is divided into six units. Here no. of machines are more than 1000. Ground floor is called basement or 2nd unit. Here cutting, finishing, sewing are simultaneously going on. Next to 2nd, unit 1 is present where cutting, sewing as well as finishing takes place. Above 1st unit 3rd unit is there, which is also known as 100% EOU, Where only production is going on i.e. sewing and finishing. Above 3rd unit 4th unit is there, there also only sewing and finishing takes place. The top floor is called as 5th unit where sewing, finishing and embroidery is also going on. The last unit in 7A is called 6th unit where sewing and finishing takes place.In the present scenario of stiff competition of quality and price in the international market, the Indian garment industry is not in the position of producing an expensive and lower quality product. Looking at the present market dema nd of producing inexpensive and lower quality product, Orient Craft have to increase the productivity, lower the wastages on production floor and make use of attachments, folders, special machines and equipment to have a good quality product, in all these activities industrial engineer plays an important role. Today the industrial engineering has become the back bone of the garment industry.In Orient Craft Ltd., Industrial Engineering Department consist of an I.E. head, eight I.E. executives reporting to Mr. Brian Long (VP Technical). Each I.E. executive is assigned the particular production floors, thus this department is covering all the floors of 7-D, 6-C, 14-A, Home furnishing and sampling department. Besides working on enhancing the productivity and quality, lowering wastages, proper utilization of resources like special machines and equipments, this department is also assigned the project like designing the floor layouts for the new production floors and to develop new product ion techniques to increase the productivity.RULES AND RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITEDSampling Re-Engineering- The work of an industrial starts with sampling re-engineering at the proto-stage so as to get to best possible construction and the use of folders and attachments in the style.Pre-production planning- Pre-production planning starts with the receiving of a sample from the merchant of the stages of the two pieces, which is to be made on the production floor. After receiving the sample the initial operation bullet layout and new style requirement sheet is made. The purpose of making initial o/b, and layout is to know the quantity and type if manpower, machines, attachments, presses, bucks, profiles, dies etc required in the style and make sure everything is in house at the pilot stage.Target setting- After having a rough idea of manpower and machines required from the initial o/b the company has to find out exactly how many machines and manpower is needed in the style. For this 5 pieces of cutting is taken and time motion study of that 5 pieces with RD department using the proper method, motion and rating is done.Final operation bulletin and layout- After tune and motion study the company make final operation bulletin and layout from this finally the company come to know the number of manpower and machines required to meet the targets. This operation bulletin and layout has to be cross checked by I.E head and then it is signed by RD head and then it is passed to production manager.Line setting- Line setting is the implementation of the layout and operation bulletin, which is done in conjunction with line in charge, supervisor, mechanic, Q.A and technician.Bottle neck identification- After line setting the next job is to know the bottleneck of the line due which targets are not met.Follow ups- This is one of the important job of industrial engineer, to do the follow up of machines folders attachments, dies, profiles whether th ey are in house or not before the production starts and to be in correct with concerned persons for that and to make sure everything in house before the production.Use of modern equipment- To know and develop attachments and folders, which can be used on production floors to enhance productivity and also to make sure the proper utilization of modern machines and equipment on the production floor.Projects- Besides all the above activities we are also handle projects on plant layouts, settings up of pre-assembly section etc.Reporting- This includes the reason why the targets are not met and action taken by production manager to eliminate it. This report is given to I.E head on the daily basis.INTRODUCTION OF THE QUALITY DEPARTMENTIts gives immense pleasure in introducing Orient Craft as one of the quality department in Hand Embroidery, Adda Embroidery, Computer Embroidery, and Machine Embroidery Schiff lie Embroidery.This department has a modern and very sophisticated design which gi ve a good quality to production to ensure consistency in quality of Garments with our embroider and in house sampling works.Embroidery Department has been in the forefront with other department in creating the good quality and acceptability. Over the year Embroidery Department has stepped up in the quality ladder and is today giving good quality that are increasingly finding acceptability with buyers.In the prevailing situation, the company needs all rounder, not specialist. These all are created with the help of the existing team of the company. The team supports each other and with the help of training team gets confidence. Today, orient Craft is more comfortable in handling both quality as well as quantity.And sure, with an excellent team of people, the department is set to cruise higher altitudes in future.ROLE OF THE EMBROIDERY DEPARTMENTThis Department is now very supporting in Orient Craft Ltd. Representing the company from the last few years Embroidery department provides th e resources expertise and dedication support to production, and the company employ has dedicated themselves in making an acceptability quality for Buyer.Embroidery Department has been helping to production department dramatically grow their business for the company, as a part of their commitment to being a value adding department of Orient Craft Limited.Embroidery Department has over the year acquired strong and meaningful business relationship with production, Merchant Cutting department the company always been in vogue with the fashion trends.Orient Craft is now trying to emphasize on converting the quality to make the process, trouble free for the production department.The company is assuring the quality and total standard action with its in-house production.So now it can be said that this department is playing a very important role in Orient Craft Limited.DOCUMENT USED IN THE COMPANYMaterial Transfer Slip (MTS Book) is very important document for the maintaining the records of whichever style run in Embroidery department. All records can be maintained properly with MTS books as it is very important for the company.ROLE OF THE CANDIDATEThe attitude of the company with the new joiner person is very supportive and cooperative with that person. To achieve the better quality and better embroidery design, the company higher officers should have better understanding of the workers need and priorities. One should be more dedicated towards their commitments of work. And this can be only achieved if the company has the right people and their processes are transparent and continuously optimized to achieve higher quality at lower cost.ITS FLOW CHARTStitch PiecesCutting Dept-Unstitch PiecesProd Dep Emb DepEmb Dep Issue to EmbroiderIssue to Embroider Reed after Emb.Reed after Emb Quality CheckingQuality Checking CuttingProduction FinishingCENTRALIZED CUTTING ROOM AT ORIENT CRAFT LIMITEDSIGNIFICANCE OF AN ORGANIZED CUTTING ROOM-On average a garment had approximately 50 %-60% of its total allocated to fabric and yet, most manufacturing units have no quality and production system monitor the inspection, spreading and cutting of it. The sewing department on the other hand only makes up to 20%- 30% of the total cost of a garment but accounts for nearly all the monitoring and productivity costs.INTRODUCTION-Orient Craft Ltd. has centralized cutting facilities. The cutting room is feuding to all the swing floors situated in Udoyg Vihar. The company follows comprehensive production and quality procedures in cutting room.FORMATES USED IN CUTTING ROOMApproval for cutting go aheadCall out for cuttingCutter efficiency chartDaily cut planMonthly cut planCutting file checklistFabric relaxationApproval additional cuttingBundle control systemColor code for different shrinkageCutting RDHourly reportFusing systemCUTTING ROOM PROCEDURES IN ORIENT CRAFT LIMITED-Pre -production meeting is organized to discuss all the aspects of a style. All the concerned persons, for example merchandiser, production manager, IED, cutting manager, pattern master etc is present in this meeting, to discuss the technicalities. In the cutting department there are three cutting teams. Master prepares a cut order plan and after job order is received from the production manager, master gets the fabric from the fabric stores and maker from the CAD department.Most common considerations during cut order planningNo of sizes in orderNo of color in the orderMaximum/minimum no of sizes allowed in markerMaximum spread lengthMaximum ply heightFabric cost per yardCut table fabric widthWidth variationFabric utilization reportFabric inspection reportLot cardShrinkage reportFabric having Lycra, spandex, wool blend are relaxed for 10 to 12 hours, prior to spreading.Quality assurance inspector conducts inspection after spreading and cutting.He checks the layer for following defects-After spreadingMarker placingTensionMiscutNotchesBowingLeaningOthersAfter cuttingAccuracyMatching the top, middle and bottom ply with patternNotches/drill holesFabric layering system-Spreader in the cutting room receives layer spreading cutting job card from the master. This document has all the details for the spreading of each lay. From this document the spreading personnel can make sure that the following fabric details are correct before beginning to spreadFabric typeFabric nameFabric widthShrinkageColorLot noLayer lengthNo of piecesTotal piecesQuality control of the spreading-As soon as the spreading of a lay is finished the quality assurance inspector is asked to check it before cutting can commence. The quality control inspector in the cutting room will receive the spreading and cutting report from the cutting room manager. This document has all the relevant details for the inspector, to ensure that the spreading is right.The quality assurance inspector ensures the following-FabricNumber of pilesLay lengthEndsTensionRemnantSplicesPatternQuality control of the marker-The quali ty control inspector would check the following-Correct markerRatioPatternMissing pieces on the marker is quite a common problem in cutting rooms especially if number of components in a garment is more. That is why the total no of the pattern pieces is checked. There must be no overlapping of the pattern pieces on the marker either.Once the fabric is cut there is no question of taking it back for a change or refund. All possible precautions must be taken in the cutting room to ensure that once the knife cuts into the fabric everything is correct.Quality control of cutting-After the quality assurance inspector approves the spreading, the lay is ready for cutting. The cutter can also make sure that the following marker details are correct before starting to cut the fabric.Cut numberMarker numberMarker lengthFabric spreading lengthThe cutting personnel ensure that the markers have been placed in the correct direction on the fabric. Areas for checking are as followsEnsure that all the ed ges of the marker have fabric underneath them-ends and sides.Ensures that the marker is laid square to the fabric and not-at an angle to the fabric. If this not controlled then it will create problems in the sewing section.Fusing system-A properly trained supervisor is appointed to check temperature, pressure and timing cycle each morning, noon, mid afternoon and at critical fabric changes. Check for consistent temperature and across fusing head. The quality control department on daily basis reviews results. Quality assurance department evaluates fusible parts for defects such as color change, surface appearance and hand feel. Fuse line temperatures are established using temperature papers. Fuse line temperature is the temperature between the shell fabric and the fusible product at the time of fusing. Some times due to special finishes on the shell fabric, fusing machine is adjusted accordingly.Numbering system-This is probably one of the most important control points in the manufac turing process. All the components are numbered including parts of the garments that have embroidery, fusing or washing and other value addition. If numbering is not done, then the problems of shaded garments, incorrect sized garments and garment pieces occur. These entire problem can be avoided using number system.The company is having separates numbering tables. Once cutting is carried out, the cut parts are put on the trolley and moved to the numbering table. Separate numbering tables are the best as they allow the cutting table to be cleared immediately after the cutting of the fabric has taken place.Stickers can be located on either the right or wrong side of the fabric depending on whether the garment will have interlining attached to it. It should be noted that if the stickers are attached to the right side of the fabric, then snickering not left on the fabric.GARMENT PROCESSING UNITAim To work towards most moderate washes while striking a right balance of handwork and chemi stry. Also to achieve/generate consistency of shades and quick production techniques keeping in view the requirement of our esteem clientele.Capabilities - well starting with neat rinse washes, silicon sand wash, peach hand brushing on party wears, whickering coupled with Laser sand Blasting and tinting on Denims.Garment overdyes -we have to our experience, Heavy canvas Garment overdyes added with stone enzyme wash to give it a weathered look vintage Grannys garment looks are possible. We do garment over dyes on Linen, Denims, canvas, Twills and the list is being added upon every day at our RD section. Range of colors is availableOn demand, shade bands are well taken care of.For twills, we have facility to do BIOPOLISHING which added with sand wash, silicone wash, gives fabulous hand feel, and a strong crisp as and how desired.Laser - The design made over the surface of fabric by laser engraving technology are being strongly pursued by various customer of OCL this fashion is yet to Explored by masses as it is a Rare Technology. Well seeing believes and only few of special clientele of orient craft saw this machine creating designs on various denims, canvas, jersey, and especially overdyes left speechless, yet smiling.STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TRIMSReceive Indent from MerchandiserEnsure that work sheet describes the complete specifications of accessories.Decide the vendor to whom order is to be placed based upon rates.Prepare the purchase orderPlace the P.O. to the vendor and enter the details in purchase registerRECEIPTReceive information of material arrival along with bill/challanVerify the description and quantity of bill with relevant P.O and P.O registerVerify the quantity with billSend one piece of the accessory on the approval card to the concerned merchandiser. However, approval is not required for production equipments and consumablesEnter the details of consignment in store receiptUpdate stock register and style sheet in fileISSUEReceive requi rement of material on requisition slip and verify authorized signaturesPrepare challan for the items to be issuedIssue the material and get acknowledgement on the challanUpdate stock register and style sheet in fileReceive the material returned from production along with style number indicated on return challanVerify that the material is not damaged. If so, indicate on challanUpdate stock registerSTORAGE PRESERVATIONKeep the rejected material in the area defined for itKeep the approved material at defined locationEnsure that adequate preventive measures are taken to safe-guard the material against damageLITERATURE REVIEWMEANING AND NATURE OF JOB SATISFACTIONThe term Job Satisfaction is of great relevance in the field of human resource management. So we can define Job Satisfaction aJob Satisfaction is a set of favorable or unfavorable feeling which employees view in their work.Job Satisfaction is the fulfillment and gratification that comes from work. It is not the money, the benefi ts or the vacations. It is the good feeling one receive from doing his work itself. Anyone who works in an organization develops a set of attitude about work which is usually referred under the term job satisfaction. Like other attitudes Job Satisfaction is composed of emotional informational and behavioral elements can vary in intensity and consistency can be acquired from a variety of sources. Virtually every job can provide a level of satisfaction.Job Satisfaction comes when one accept a job for what it is and exploits the sources of satisfaction that comes with it. Many different sources of satisfaction are tied to the same job. Good feeling can come from high performance, quality work, learning new skills, working as a part of a team, assisting coworkers, and receiving compliments.Job Satisfaction is achieved daily by digging out satisfiers wherever they can be found. This is true even if an individual is marking time until he or she gets into a better carrier area. The trick i s to enjoy your present job while you prepare for a better one. Many people gain considerable satisfaction from doing ordinary jobs. They make quality time out of their working hours no matter what their assignment may be.So, from the discussion we can say that job Satisfaction and different aspects of their job. It is the extent to which people like (satisfaction) or dislike (dissatisfaction) their jobs. As it is generally assessed, job satisfaction is an attitudinal variable. In the part, job Satisfaction was approached by some researcher from the perspective of need fulfillment- that is whether or not the job meets the employees physical and psychological needs for the things provided by works such as pay.LEVELS OF SATISFACTIONJob Satisfaction varies. Researcher suggests, the higher the prestige of the job, the greater the job satisfaction. But, many workers are satisfied in even the least prestigious jobs. They simply like what they do.-Most workers like their work if they have little supervision.-The list satisfied workers are those in service occupations and managers that work for others.-Ethnic and religious orientation is associated to work attitudes and Job Satisfaction is related to education.EFFECTS OF JOB SATISFACTION ON ATTITUDES OF THE EMPLOYEESThe term